Honours English with Nusrat

Author name: nusratjahan

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Day-06

Ode: Intimations of Immortality-02

By William Wordsworth [lV] Ye blessèd creatures, I have heard the call       Ye to each other make; I see The heavens laugh with you in your jubilee;       My heart is at your festival,             My head hath its coronal, The fulness of your bliss, I feel—I feel it all.                       Oh evil day! if I were sullen                       While Earth herself is adorning,                          This sweet May-morning,                       And the Children are culling                          On every side, In a thousand valleys far and wide,                       Fresh flowers; while the sun shines warm, And the Babe leaps up on his Mother\’s arm:—                       I hear, I hear, with joy I hear!                       —But there\’s a Tree, of many, one, A single field which I have looked upon, Both of them speak of something that is gone;                       The Pansy at my feet                       Doth the same tale repeat: Whither is fled the visionary gleam? Where is it now, the glory and the dream? Translation in bangla : Ye blessèd creatures, I have heard the call = হে আশীর্বাদপুষ্ট প্রাণীগণ, আমি সেই আহ্বান শুনেছি; Ye to each other make = তোমরা একে অপরকে যে ডাক দাও; I see = আমি দেখি; The heavens laugh with you in your jubilee = তোমাদের উৎসবে আকাশও যেন হাসছে; My heart is at your festival = আমার হৃদয় তোমাদের উৎসবে অংশ নিচ্ছে; My head hath its coronal = আমার মাথায় রয়েছে এক মুকুট; The fulness of your bliss, I feel—I feel it all = তোমাদের পূর্ণ সুখ আমি অনুভব করি—আমি সবটাই অনুভব করি; Oh evil day! if I were sullen = আহা! অভিশপ্ত দিন হবে যদি আমি বিষণ্ণ থাকি; While Earth herself is adorning = যখন পৃথিবী নিজেকে সাজাচ্ছে; This sweet May-morning = এই মধুর মে সকালের; And the Children are culling = এবং শিশুরা ফুল তুলছে; On every side = চারদিকে; In a thousand valleys far and wide = হাজার হাজার দূরদূরান্তের উপত্যকায়; Fresh flowers = তাজা ফুল; while the sun shines warm = যখন সূর্য উষ্ণভাবে আলো দিচ্ছে; And the Babe leaps up on his Mother\’s arm = এবং শিশুটি তার মায়ের কোলে লাফ দিচ্ছে; I hear, I hear, with joy I hear! = আমি শুনি, আমি শুনি, আনন্দের সাথে শুনি; But there\’s a Tree, of many, one = কিন্তু বহু গাছের মধ্যে একটি গাছ আছে; A single field which I have looked upon = এবং একটি মাঠ যেটা আমি দেখেছি; Both of them speak of something that is gone = উভয়ই যেন কিছু হারিয়ে যাওয়ার কথা বলে; The Pansy at my feet = আমার পায়ের নিচের পানসি ফুল; Doth the same tale repeat = একই গল্পই বলে; Whither is fled the visionary gleam? = সেই কল্পনাময় ঝলক কোথায় হারিয়ে গেছে?; Where is it now, the glory and the dream? = এখন কোথায় সেই গৌরব ও স্বপ্ন? Explanation: In this stanza, Wordsworth joins in the joy of nature. He sees the sky, the flowers, the children, and every living creature celebrating the beauty of spring. His heart shares in their happiness, and he feels it would be wrong to remain sad on such a joyful morning.However, while everyone around him is cheerful, a single tree, a field, and even a small pansy flower remind him of something he has lost. They awaken memories of the heavenly beauty he experienced in childhood. Filled with sadness, he asks where that “visionary gleam” and the glorious dream of his childhood have disappeared. This shows that although nature is still beautiful, he can no longer see it with the same innocent and spiritual vision. [V] Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting: The Soul that rises with us, our life\’s Star,                       Hath had elsewhere its setting,                          And cometh from afar:                       Not in entire forgetfulness,                       And not in utter nakedness, But trailing clouds of glory do we come                       From God, who is our home: Heaven lies about us in our infancy! Shades of the prison-house begin to close                       Upon the growing Boy, But he beholds the light, and whence it flows,                       He sees it in his joy; The Youth, who daily farther from the east                       Must travel, still is Nature\’s Priest,                       And by the vision splendid                       Is on his way attended; At length the Man perceives it die away, And fade into the light of common day. Translation in bangla : Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting = আমাদের জন্ম আসলে এক ঘুম ও বিস্মৃতি; The Soul that rises with us, our life\’s Star = যে আত্মা আমাদের সঙ্গে ওঠে, আমাদের জীবনের তারকা; Hath had elsewhere its setting = তার অস্তিত্ব অন্য কোথাও শুরু হয়েছিল; And cometh from afar = এবং সে দূর থেকে আসে; Not in entire forgetfulness = সম্পূর্ণ বিস্মৃত অবস্থায় নয়; And not in utter nakedness = এবং সম্পূর্ণ শূন্য অবস্থায়ও নয়; But trailing clouds of glory do we come = বরং আমরা মহিমার মেঘ নিয়ে আসি; From God, who is our home = ঈশ্বর থেকে, যিনি আমাদের প্রকৃত নিবাস; Heaven lies about us in our infancy = শৈশবে স্বর্গ আমাদের চারপাশে থাকে; Shades of the prison-house begin to close = জীবনের কারাগারের ছায়া ধীরে ধীরে ঘন হতে শুরু করে; Upon the growing Boy = বেড়ে ওঠা ছেলেটির উপর; But he beholds the light, and whence it flows = তবুও সে আলো দেখে এবং তার উৎস বোঝে; He sees it in his joy = সে তা আনন্দের মধ্যে অনুভব করে; The Youth, who daily farther from the east = যে যুবক প্রতিদিন উৎস (পূর্ব) থেকে দূরে সরে যায়; Must travel, still is Nature\’s Priest = তবুও সে প্রকৃতির পুরোহিতই থাকে; And by the vision splendid = এবং সেই মহিমান্বিত দর্শনের দ্বারা; Is on his way attended = তার পথ আলোকিত হয়; At length the Man perceives it die away = শেষ পর্যন্ত মানুষ বুঝতে পারে তা মিলিয়ে যাচ্ছে; And fade into the light of common day = এবং সাধারণ দিনের আলোতে তা বিলীন হয়ে যায়। Explanation: In this stanza, Wordsworth explains his famous idea about the pre-existence of the

Day-06

Ode: Intimations of Immortality-01

By William Wordsworth Full Title: Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early ChildhoodPoet: William WordsworthWritten: 1802–1804Published: 1807 (Poems in Two Volumes)Poem Type: Ode (Reflective lyric poem)Tone: Nostalgic, spiritual, hopeful, philosophicalLines: 204Stanzas: 11Meter: Mainly iambic pentameter with variationRhyme Scheme: Variable Theme Summary Wordsworth recalls how nature seemed full of divine beauty during his childhood. As he grows older, that heavenly vision fades, causing sadness. However, he finds hope in memory, nature, and faith, believing that the soul is immortal and childhood’s wisdom continues to inspire adult life. Key Idea Children possess a divine light that gradually fades with age. Through memory and nature, people can regain spiritual strength and joy. Author’s Position Subjective – The poem reflects Wordsworth’s personal feelings and beliefs. Poet’s Attitude Hopeful yet sad. The poet mourns the loss of childhood innocence but believes that memory and faith provide lasting comfort. [ l ] There was a time when meadow, grove, and stream,        The earth, and every common sight,                           To me did seem                       Apparelled in celestial light,             The glory and the freshness of a dream. It is not now as it hath been of yore;—                       Turn wheresoe\’er I may,                           By night or day. The things which I have seen I now can see no more. Translation in bangla : There was a time when meadow, grove, and stream = এক সময় ছিল যখন মাঠ, বনভূমি ও নদী; The earth, and every common sight = পৃথিবী এবং প্রতিটি সাধারণ দৃশ্য; To me did seem = আমার কাছে মনে হতো; Apparelled in celestial light = যেন স্বর্গীয় আলোয় আচ্ছাদিত; The glory and the freshness of a dream = স্বপ্নের গৌরব ও সতেজতা নিয়ে; It is not now as it hath been of yore = এখন আর তা আগের মতো নেই; Turn wheresoe\’er I may = যেদিকেই আমি তাকাই; By night or day = রাত হোক বা দিন; The things which I have seen I now can see no more = আমি আগে যা দেখতাম, এখন আর তা দেখতে পাই না। Explanation: Wordsworth recalls his childhood when every part of nature seemed filled with heavenly beauty. Meadows, trees, streams, and even ordinary sights appeared magical because of his innocent and imaginative mind. He describes this beauty as “celestial light”, suggesting that nature looked divine and dreamlike.As he grew older, he lost this special way of seeing the world. Nature is still beautiful, but it no longer gives him the same spiritual joy and wonder. This feeling of loss introduces the central theme of the poem, the contrast between the innocent vision of childhood and the mature outlook of adulthood. [ll]                       The Rainbow comes and goes,                       And lovely is the Rose,                       The Moon doth with delight        Look round her when the heavens are bare,                       Waters on a starry night                       Are beautiful and fair;        The sunshine is a glorious birth;        But yet I know, where\’er I go, That there hath past away a glory from the earth. Translation in bangla : The Rainbow comes and goes = রংধনু আসে এবং চলে যায়; And lovely is the Rose = এবং গোলাপ ফুল অত্যন্ত সুন্দর; The Moon doth with delight = চাঁদ আনন্দের সাথে; Look round her when the heavens are bare = আকাশ যখন মেঘশূন্য থাকে তখন চারদিকে তাকায়; Waters on a starry night = তারাভরা রাতে জলরাশি; Are beautiful and fair = সুন্দর ও মনোরম; The sunshine is a glorious birth = সূর্যের আলো এক মহিমান্বিত জন্মের মতো; But yet I know, where\’er I go = কিন্তু তবুও আমি জানি, যেখানেই যাই; That there hath past away a glory from the earth = পৃথিবী থেকে এক মহিমা হারিয়ে গেছে। Explanation: Wordsworth says that nature is still beautiful. The rainbow appears and disappears, the rose continues to bloom, the moon shines brightly in the clear sky, the waters sparkle under the stars, and the sunrise remains glorious. These natural scenes still fill him with admiration.Yet, despite all this beauty, the poet feels that something precious has been lost. The heavenly glory that he experienced in childhood is no longer present. Nature has not changed, but his way of seeing it has changed. This reflects the poem’s central idea that adulthood cannot recover the innocent and spiritual vision of childhood. [lll] Now, while the birds thus sing a joyous song,        And while the young lambs bound                       As to the tabor\’s sound, To me alone there came a thought of grief: A timely utterance gave that thought relief,                       And I again am strong: The cataracts blow their trumpets from the steep; No more shall grief of mine the season wrong; Translation in bangla : Now, while the birds thus sing a joyous song = এখন, যখন পাখিরা এমন আনন্দময় গান গাইছে; And while the young lambs bound = এবং যখন ছোট মেষশাবকগুলো লাফিয়ে বেড়াচ্ছে; As to the tabor\’s sound = যেন তবলার শব্দের সাথে তাল মিলিয়ে; To me alone there came a thought of grief = শুধু আমার মনে এক দুঃখের চিন্তা এলো; A timely utterance gave that thought relief = সময়োপযোগী উচ্চারণ সেই চিন্তাকে স্বস্তি দিল; And I again am strong = এবং আমি আবার শক্তিশালী হলাম; The cataracts blow their trumpets from the steep = পাহাড় থেকে জলপ্রপাতগুলো যেন শিঙার মতো বাজছে; No more shall grief of mine the season wrong = আমার দুঃখ আর এই ঋতুকে নষ্ট করবে না। Explanation: Wordsworth describes the joyful atmosphere of spring. The birds are singing happily, the young lambs are jumping playfully, and the waterfalls roar like trumpets. Everything in nature is full of life and celebration.At first, the poet alone feels sad because he remembers the lost glory of his childhood. However, by expressing his sorrow, he finds comfort and regains his strength. He decides that he will no longer allow his personal grief to spoil the beauty and happiness of the spring season. Instead, he chooses to share in nature’s joy. I hear the Echoes through the mountains throng,        The Winds come to me from the

Day-06

Tintern Abbey-04

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH part-04 Knowing that Nature never did betray The heart that loved her; \’tis her privilege, Through all the years of this our life, to lead From joy to joy: for she can so inform The mind that is within us, so impress With quietness and beauty, and so feed With lofty thoughts, that neither evil tongues, Rash judgments, nor the sneers of selfish men, Translation in Bangla: Knowing that Nature never did betray = জেনে যে প্রকৃতি কখনো বিশ্বাসঘাতকতা করেনি; The heart that loved her = যে হৃদয় তাকে ভালোবাসে তার সঙ্গে; ’tis her privilege = এটি তার এক বিশেষ অধিকার; Through all the years of this our life = আমাদের এই জীবনের সব বছর ধরে; to lead = পথ দেখাতে; From joy to joy = এক আনন্দ থেকে আরেক আনন্দে; for she can so inform = কারণ সে এমনভাবে সমৃদ্ধ করতে পারে; The mind that is within us = আমাদের অন্তরের মনকে; so impress = এমনভাবে প্রভাবিত করতে পারে; With quietness and beauty = শান্তি ও সৌন্দর্যে; and so feed = এবং এমনভাবে পুষ্ট করতে পারে; With lofty thoughts = উচ্চ চিন্তায়; that neither evil tongues = যাতে কোনো কুৎসিত ভাষা; Rash judgments = তাড়াহুড়ো করা বিচার; nor the sneers of selfish men = কিংবা স্বার্থপর মানুষের বিদ্রূপ—কোনোটাই। Explanation Wordsworth says that nature never disappoints those who truly love her. Throughout life, nature leads people from one joy to another, filling their minds with peace, beauty, and noble thoughts. As a result, they remain strong and calm, unaffected by criticism, harsh judgments, or the selfish behavior of others. Nor greetings where no kindness is, nor all The dreary intercourse of daily life, Shall e\’er prevail against us, or disturb Our cheerful faith, that all which we behold Is full of blessings. Therefore let the moon Shine on thee in thy solitary walk; And let the misty mountain-winds be free To blow against thee: and, in after years, Translation in Bangla: Nor greetings where no kindness is = যেখানে কোনো সদয়তা নেই এমন অভিবাদনও নয়; nor all = কিংবা সমস্ত কিছুই; The dreary intercourse of daily life = দৈনন্দিন জীবনের বিষণ্ন ও ক্লান্তিকর মেলামেশা; Shall e\’er prevail against us = কখনো আমাদের উপর প্রভাব বিস্তার করতে পারবে না; or disturb = কিংবা ব্যাহত করতে পারবে না; Our cheerful faith = আমাদের আনন্দময় বিশ্বাসকে; that all which we behold = যে আমরা যা কিছু দেখি; Is full of blessings = তা আশীর্বাদে পূর্ণ; Therefore let the moon = তাই চাঁদকে; Shine on thee in thy solitary walk = তোমার একাকী চলার পথে আলো দিতে দাও; And let the misty mountain-winds be free = এবং কুয়াশাচ্ছন্ন পাহাড়ের বাতাসকে মুক্তভাবে; To blow against thee = তোমার উপর বয়ে যেতে দাও; and, in after years = এবং ভবিষ্যৎ বছরে। Explanation Wordsworth says that those who truly love nature can remain happy and peaceful despite the difficulties of everyday life. He prays that his sister, Dorothy, will always enjoy the beauty of nature. He hopes the moon, the mountains, and the fresh wind will protect and inspire her, so that she will always find comfort, strength, and blessings in nature. When these wild ecstasies shall be matured Into a sober pleasure; when thy mind Shall be a mansion for all lovely forms, Thy memory be as a dwelling-place For all sweet sounds and harmonies; oh! then, If solitude, or fear, or pain, or grief, Should be thy portion, with what healing thoughts Of tender joy wilt thou remember me, And these my exhortations! Nor, perchance— If I should be where I no more can hear Thy voice, nor catch from thy wild eyes these gleams Of past existence—wilt thou then forget That on the banks of this delightful stream Translation in Bangla: When these wild ecstasies shall be matured = যখন এই উচ্ছ্বসিত আবেগগুলো পরিণত হবে; Into a sober pleasure = শান্ত ও সংযত আনন্দে; when thy mind = যখন তোমার মন; Shall be a mansion for all lovely forms = সকল সুন্দর রূপের একটি আবাসস্থল হবে; Thy memory be as a dwelling-place = তোমার স্মৃতি হবে একটি বাসস্থান; For all sweet sounds and harmonies = সকল মধুর শব্দ ও সুরের জন্য; oh! then = আহা! তখন; If solitude, or fear, or pain, or grief = যদি একাকীত্ব, ভয়, কষ্ট বা শোক; Should be thy portion = তোমার ভাগ্য হয়ে আসে; with what healing thoughts = কতটা আরোগ্যদায়ক চিন্তায়; Of tender joy wilt thou remember me = তুমি আমাকে কোমল আনন্দের সঙ্গে স্মরণ করবে; and these my exhortations = এবং আমার এই উপদেশগুলো; Nor, perchance— = এবং সম্ভবত নয়—; If I should be where I no more can hear = যদি আমি এমন জায়গায় থাকি যেখানে আমি আর শুনতে না পাই; Thy voice = তোমার কণ্ঠ; nor catch from thy wild eyes these gleams = কিংবা তোমার উচ্ছ্বসিত চোখের সেই ঝলকগুলো দেখতে না পাই; Of past existence = অতীত জীবনের; wilt thou then forget = তবে কি তুমি ভুলে যাবে; That on the banks of this delightful stream = যে এই মনোরম নদীর তীরে। Explanation Wordsworth tells his sister, Dorothy, that as she grows older, her youthful excitement will turn into a calmer and deeper appreciation of nature. He hopes that nature’s beauty and memories will always remain in her mind and give her comfort during times of loneliness, fear, pain, or sorrow. The poet also wishes that even if he is no longer with her, she will remember him, his advice, and the happy moments they shared beside the River Wye. We stood together; and that I, so long A worshipper of Nature, hither came Unwearied in that service: rather say With warmer love—oh! with far deeper zeal Of holier love. Nor wilt thou then forget, That after many wanderings, many years Of absence, these steep woods and lofty cliffs, And this green pastoral landscape, were to me More dear, both for themselves and for thy sake! Translation in Bangla: We stood together = আমরা একসাথে দাঁড়িয়েছিলাম; and that I, so long = এবং আমি, এত দীর্ঘ সময় ধরে; A worshipper

Day-06

Tintern Abbey-03

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH Part-03 Their colours and their forms, were then to me An appetite; a feeling and a love, That had no need of a remoter charm, By thought supplied, nor any interest Unborrowed from the eye.—That time is past, And all its aching joys are now no more, And all its dizzy raptures. Not for this Faint I, nor mourn nor murmur; other gifts Translation in Bangla: Their colours and their forms, were then to me = তাদের রং ও আকৃতি তখন আমার কাছে ছিল; An appetite = এক ধরনের তীব্র আকাঙ্ক্ষা; a feeling and a love = একটি অনুভূতি এবং ভালোবাসা; That had no need of a remoter charm = যার জন্য কোনো দূরবর্তী কল্পনার আকর্ষণের দরকার ছিল না; By thought supplied = চিন্তা দ্বারা তৈরি; nor any interest = কিংবা কোনো আগ্রহ; Unborrowed from the eye = যা চোখ থেকে ধার করা নয়; That time is past = সেই সময় এখন অতীত; And all its aching joys are now no more = এবং তার সমস্ত ব্যথাময় আনন্দ এখন আর নেই; And all its dizzy raptures = এবং তার সমস্ত ঘোর লাগা উচ্ছ্বাসও নেই; Not for this = এর জন্য নয়; Faint I, nor mourn nor murmur = আমি ক্লান্ত হই না, শোক করি না, বা অভিযোগও করি না; other gifts = অন্য উপহারগুলো। Explanation In these lines, Wordsworth says that when he was young, he loved nature only for its beauty and colours. He enjoyed nature through his eyes without thinking deeply about it. But now those youthful excitement and intense feelings are gone. However, he does not feel sad, because as he has grown older, nature has given him something greater—spiritual peace, wisdom, and a deeper understanding of life. Have followed; for such loss, I would believe, Abundant recompense. For I have learned To look on nature, not as in the hour Of thoughtless youth; but hearing oftentimes The still sad music of humanity, Nor harsh nor grating, though of ample power To chasten and subdue.—And I have felt A presence that disturbs me with the joy Translation in Bangla: Have followed; for such loss, I would believe = এমন ক্ষতির পরেও এসেছে; এবং আমি বিশ্বাস করি; Abundant recompense = পর্যাপ্ত প্রতিদান; For I have learned = কারণ আমি শিখেছি; To look on nature, not as in the hour = প্রকৃতিকে দেখতে, সেইভাবে নয় যেমন আমি দেখি; Of thoughtless youth = চিন্তাহীন যৌবনের সময়ে; but hearing oftentimes = বরং প্রায়ই শুনতে পেয়ে; The still sad music of humanity = মানবতার নীরব দুঃখময় সুর; Nor harsh nor grating = যা কঠোর বা কর্কশ নয়; though of ample power = যদিও যথেষ্ট শক্তিশালী; To chasten and subdue = শুদ্ধ ও সংযত করার জন্য; And I have felt = এবং আমি অনুভব করেছি; A presence that disturbs me with the joy = এমন এক উপস্থিতি যা আমাকে আনন্দের মাধ্যমে আন্দোলিত করে। Explanation In these lines, Wordsworth says that although he has lost the intense excitement of youth, nature has given him a greater reward. Now he no longer sees nature only for its beauty. Instead, nature teaches him about human life, suffering, and compassion. Through this deeper understanding, he becomes wiser, calmer, and spiritually stronger. He also feels the presence of a divine power in nature, which fills him with joy and inner peace. Of elevated thoughts; a sense sublime Of something far more deeply interfused, Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns, And the round ocean and the living air, And the blue sky, and in the mind of man: A motion and a spirit, that impels All thinking things, all objects of all thought, Translation in Bangla: Of elevated thoughts = উচ্চতর চিন্তাধারার; a sense sublime = এক মহিমান্বিত অনুভূতি; Of something far more deeply interfused = এমন কিছুর, যা আরও গভীরভাবে সর্বত্র মিশে আছে; Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns = যার বাস সূর্যাস্তের আলোতে; And the round ocean and the living air = এবং বৃত্তাকার সমুদ্র ও জীবন্ত বায়ুতে; And the blue sky = এবং নীল আকাশে; and in the mind of man = এবং মানুষের মনে; A motion and a spirit = এক চলনশক্তি ও আত্মা; that impels = যা প্রেরণা দেয়; All thinking things = সকল চিন্তাশীল সত্তাকে; all objects of all thought = এবং সকল চিন্তার সকল বস্তুকে। Explanation Wordsworth says that he feels a divine spiritual presence in nature. He believes this unseen power exists in the sunset, the ocean, the air, the sky, and even in the human mind. This universal spirit gives life, inspires thought, and connects all living things. Through nature, the poet experiences deep spiritual joy, wisdom, and a sense of unity with the whole universe. And rolls through all things. Therefore am I still A lover of the meadows and the woods And mountains; and of all that we behold From this green earth; of all the mighty world Of eye, and ear,—both what they half create, And what perceive; well pleased to recognise In nature and the language of the sense The anchor of my purest thoughts, the nurse, The guide, the guardian of my heart, and soul Of all my moral being. Translation in Bangla: And rolls through all things = এবং সকল কিছুর মধ্য দিয়ে প্রবাহিত হয়; Therefore am I still = তাই আমি এখনও; A lover of the meadows and the woods = মাঠ ও বনভূমির প্রেমিক; And mountains = এবং পাহাড়ের; and of all that we behold = এবং আমরা যা কিছু দেখি তার সবকিছুর; From this green earth = এই সবুজ পৃথিবী থেকে; of all the mighty world = সমগ্র বিশাল জগতের; Of eye, and ear = চোখ ও কানের; both what they half create = যা তারা আংশিকভাবে সৃষ্টি করে; And what perceive = এবং যা তারা উপলব্ধি করে; well pleased to recognise = আনন্দের সাথে স্বীকার করে; In nature and the language of the sense = প্রকৃতিতে এবং ইন্দ্রিয়ের ভাষায়; The anchor of my purest thoughts = আমার সবচেয়ে পবিত্র চিন্তার ভিত্তি; the nurse = লালনকারী; The guide = পথপ্রদর্শক; The guardian of my

Day-06

Tintern Abbey-02

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH Part-02 To them I may have owed another gift, Of aspect more sublime; that blessed mood, In which the burthen of the mystery, In which the heavy and the weary weight Of all this unintelligible world, Is lightened:—that serene and blessed mood, In which the affections gently lead us on,— Translation in Bangla: To them I may have owed another gift = তাদের কাছে আমি হয়তো আরেকটি উপহারের জন্য ঋণী; Of aspect more sublime = যা আরও মহিমান্বিত প্রকৃতির; that blessed mood = সেই আশীর্বাদপুষ্ট মানসিক অবস্থা; In which the burthen of the mystery = যেখানে রহস্যের বোঝা; In which the heavy and the weary weight = যেখানে ভারী ও ক্লান্তিকর ভার; Of all this unintelligible world = এই সমগ্র দুর্বোধ্য বিশ্বের; Is lightened = হালকা হয়ে যায়; that serene and blessed mood = সেই শান্ত ও আশীর্বাদপুষ্ট মানসিক অবস্থা; In which the affections gently lead us on = যেখানে অনুভূতিগুলো আমাদের কোমলভাবে পথ দেখিয়ে নিয়ে চলে। Explanation: Wordsworth says that nature has given him an even greater gift—a deep spiritual peace. In this blessed state of mind, the worries, confusion, and mysteries of life feel much lighter. Nature calms his heart and gently guides his emotions, helping him rise above the troubles of the world. These lines show that nature provides not only physical pleasure but also spiritual comfort and inner wisdom. Until, the breath of this corporeal frame And even the motion of our human blood Almost suspended, we are laid asleep In body, and become a living soul: While with an eye made quiet by the power Of harmony, and the deep power of joy, We see into the life of things.                                                         If this Translation in Bangla: Until, the breath of this corporeal frame = যতক্ষণ না এই দেহের শ্বাস-প্রশ্বাস; And even the motion of our human blood = এবং এমনকি আমাদের রক্তের প্রবাহও; Almost suspended = প্রায় স্থির হয়ে যায়; we are laid asleep = আমরা যেন নিদ্রিত হয়ে পড়ি; In body = দেহে; and become a living soul = এবং এক জীবন্ত আত্মায় পরিণত হই; While with an eye made quiet by the power = তখন এমন এক দৃষ্টিতে, যা শান্ত হয়েছে শক্তির দ্বারা; Of harmony = সামঞ্জস্যের; and the deep power of joy = এবং আনন্দের গভীর শক্তির; We see into the life of things = আমরা জগতের সকল বস্তুর অন্তর্নিহিত জীবনকে দেখতে পাই। If this = যদি এটি। Explanation: Wordsworth describes a deep spiritual experience inspired by nature. In this peaceful state, the body seems almost still, while the soul becomes fully awake. Filled with harmony and joy, the mind gains a deeper understanding of life and the hidden truth of the universe. These lines express the Romantic belief that nature can elevate the human soul and reveal profound spiritual truths. Be but a vain belief, yet, oh! how oft— In darkness and amid the many shapes Of joyless daylight; when the fretful stir Unprofitable, and the fever of the world, Have hung upon the beatings of my heart— How oft, in spirit, have I turned to thee, O sylvan Wye! thou wanderer thro\’ the woods, Translation in Bangla: Be but a vain belief = যদি এটি কেবল একটি ভ্রান্ত বিশ্বাসই হয়; yet, oh! how oft = তবুও, আহা! কতবার; In darkness = অন্ধকারে; and amid the many shapes = এবং নানাবিধ রূপের মধ্যে; Of joyless daylight = আনন্দহীন দিনের আলোয়; when the fretful stir = যখন উদ্বিগ্ন ব্যস্ততা; Unprofitable = নিষ্ফল; and the fever of the world = এবং বিশ্বের উন্মত্ত অস্থিরতা; Have hung upon the beatings of my heart = আমার হৃদস্পন্দনের উপর ভার হয়ে নেমে এসেছে; How oft, in spirit, have I turned to thee = কতবার, মনে মনে, আমি তোমার দিকে ফিরে গেছি; O sylvan Wye! = হে বনভূমিবেষ্টিত ওয়াই নদী! thou wanderer thro\’ the woods = তুমি, যে বনভূমির মধ্য দিয়ে বয়ে চলেছ। Explanation: Wordsworth says that even if his belief in nature’s spiritual power is not true, he still knows that nature has always given him comfort. Whenever he felt troubled by the stress, worries, and emptiness of everyday life, he would mentally return to the River Wye. The memory of the river brought him peace, strength, and relief from the burdens of the world.          How often has my spirit turned to thee!    And now, with gleams of half-extinguished thought, With many recognitions dim and faint, And somewhat of a sad perplexity, The picture of the mind revives again: While here I stand, not only with the sense Of present pleasure, but with pleasing thoughts That in this moment there is life and food Translation in Bangla: How often has my spirit turned to thee! = কতবার আমার আত্মা তোমার দিকে ফিরে গেছে!; And now, with gleams of half-extinguished thought = আর এখন, প্রায় নিভে যাওয়া চিন্তার ক্ষীণ ঝলক নিয়ে; With many recognitions dim and faint = বহু অস্পষ্ট ও ক্ষীণ স্মৃতিচিহ্নসহ; And somewhat of a sad perplexity = এবং কিছুটা বিষণ্ন বিভ্রান্তি নিয়ে; The picture of the mind revives again = মনের সেই চিত্র আবার জীবন্ত হয়ে ওঠে; While here I stand = যখন আমি এখানে দাঁড়িয়ে আছি; not only with the sense = শুধু অনুভূতি নিয়ে নয়; Of present pleasure = বর্তমান আনন্দের; but with pleasing thoughts = বরং আনন্দদায়ক চিন্তাসহ; That in this moment there is life and food = যে এই মুহূর্তে এখানে জীবন ও পুষ্টির উৎস রয়েছে। Explanation: Wordsworth says that his mind again fills with memories of the River Wye, although they are not as clear as before. Along with a slight feeling of sadness, he experiences great happiness because he is once again standing in this beautiful place. He enjoys the present beauty of nature and feels hopeful that these moments will continue to nourish his mind and soul in the future. For future years. And so I dare to hope, Though changed, no doubt, from what I was when first I came among these hills; when like a roe I bounded o\’er the mountains, by the sides Of the deep rivers, and the lonely streams,

Day-06

Tintern Abbey-01

Tintern Abbey – Analysis Full Title: Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, Major Themes Central Idea In Tintern Abbey, Wordsworth revisits the banks of the River Wye after an absence of five years. The return inspires him to reflect on the profound influence of nature throughout different stages of his life. He explains how his understanding of nature has matured—from the simple pleasures of youth to a deeper spiritual and philosophical appreciation in adulthood. The poem demonstrates that nature not only delights the senses but also nurtures the mind, strengthens moral character, and offers comfort during times of hardship. Author’s Point of View The poem is subjective and autobiographical. Wordsworth speaks from personal experience, expressing his own emotions, memories, and spiritual insights rather than presenting objective facts. Poet’s Attitude Wordsworth expresses deep gratitude, admiration, and reverence for nature. He views nature as a lifelong teacher, a source of spiritual comfort, and a guiding force that shapes human character, restores emotional balance, and elevates the soul. Main text: Part-01 Five years have past; five summers, with the length Of five long winters! and again I hear These waters, rolling from their mountain-springs With a soft inland murmur.—Once again Do I behold these steep and lofty cliffs, Translation in Bangla: Five years have past = পাঁচ বছর কেটে গেছে;five summers = পাঁচটি গ্রীষ্মকাল;with the length of five long winters = পাঁচটি দীর্ঘ শীতের সমান and again I hear = এবং আবার আমি শুনতে পাই;দীর্ঘতা নিয়ে;These waters = এই জলধারাগুলোকে;rolling from their mountain-springs = তাদের পাহাড়ি উৎস থেকে বয়ে আসতে;With a soft inland murmur = মৃদু অন্তর্দেশীয় কলকল ধ্বনিতে;Once again = আর একবার;Do I behold = আমি দেখতে পাই;these steep and lofty cliffs = এই খাড়া ও সুউচ্চ পাহাড়-প্রাচীরগুলোকে। Explanation: After five years, Wordsworth returns to the banks of the River Wye. Seeing the beautiful landscape again fills him with peace and happiness. He hears the gentle sound of the river and admires the steep cliffs. These natural scenes remind him of the deep connection he has with nature. The opening lines establish the poem’s reflective mood and introduce the central idea that nature provides comfort, peace, and spiritual renewal. That on a wild secluded scene impress Thoughts of more deep seclusion; and connect The landscape with the quiet of the sky. The day is come when I again repose Here, under this dark sycamore, and view Translation in Bangla: That on a wild secluded scene impress = যা এই বন্য ও নির্জন দৃশ্যের উপর আরোপ করে;Thoughts of more deep seclusion = আরও গভীর নিঃসঙ্গতার চিন্তা;and connect = এবং সংযুক্ত করে;The landscape = এই প্রাকৃতিক দৃশ্যকে;with the quiet of the sky = আকাশের নীরবতার সঙ্গে।The day is come = সেই দিন এসে গেছে;when I again repose = যখন আমি আবার বিশ্রাম নিচ্ছি;Here, under this dark sycamore = এখানে, এই অন্ধকার সিকামোর গাছের নিচে;and view = এবং দেখছি। Explanation: Wordsworth says that the quiet and lonely beauty of the place creates deep peace and calm in his mind. The landscape blends perfectly with the peaceful sky, making nature appear harmonious and serene. Sitting under a dark sycamore tree, he enjoys the beautiful surroundings and feels spiritually refreshed. These lines show that nature provides solitude, inner peace, and a close connection between the human mind and the natural world. These plots of cottage-ground, these orchard-tufts, Which at this season, with their unripe fruits, Are clad in one green hue, and lose themselves \’Mid groves and copses. Once again I see These hedge-rows, hardly hedge-rows, little lines Translation in Bangla: These plots of cottage-ground = এই কুটিরসংলগ্ন জমির খণ্ডগুলোকে;these orchard-tufts = এই ফলবাগানের গুচ্ছগুলোকে;Which at this season = যা এই ঋতুতে;with their unripe fruits = তাদের অপরিপক্ব ফলসহ;Are clad in one green hue = একটিমাত্র সবুজ আচ্ছাদনে আবৃত;and lose themselves = এবং হারিয়ে গেছে;\’Mid groves and copses = বনানী ও ছোট ছোট ঝোপঝাড়ের মধ্যে।Once again I see = আবারও আমি দেখি;These hedge-rows = এই বেড়াসদৃশ ঝোপের সারিগুলোকে;hardly hedge-rows = যা প্রকৃতপক্ষে বেড়ার সারি বললেই চলে না;little lines = ক্ষুদ্র ক্ষুদ্র রেখার মতো। Explanation: Wordsworth observes the small cottage gardens and orchards, where the fruits are still unripe and everything is covered in a fresh green color. The trees and bushes blend naturally into the surrounding woods, creating a peaceful landscape. He also notices the hedgerows, which appear so natural that they seem like simple green lines rather than man-made boundaries. These lines highlight the beauty, simplicity, and harmony of rural life, showing Wordsworth’s deep admiration for nature and the countryside. Of sportive wood run wild: these pastoral farms, Green to the very door; and wreaths of smoke Sent up, in silence, from among the trees! With some uncertain notice, as might seem Of vagrant dwellers in the houseless woods, Or of some Hermit\’s cave, where by his fire The Hermit sits alone. Translation in Bangla: Of sportive wood run wild = উচ্ছৃঙ্খলভাবে বেড়ে ওঠা বনের ক্ষুদ্র রেখাসমূহ;these pastoral farms = এই গ্রামীণ খামারগুলো;Green to the very door = একেবারে দরজা পর্যন্ত সবুজে আচ্ছাদিত;and wreaths of smoke = এবং ধোঁয়ার কুণ্ডলীগুলো;Sent up, in silence = নীরবে উপরে উঠছেfrom among the trees = গাছগুলোর মাঝখান থেকে!With some uncertain notice = কোনো অস্পষ্ট ইঙ্গিতসহ;as might seem = যেন মনে হয়;Of vagrant dwellers in the houseless woods = গৃহহীন বনের ভবঘুরে বাসিন্দাদের;Or of some Hermit\’s cave = অথবা কোনো সন্ন্যাসীর গুহার;where by his fire = যেখানে তার আগুনের পাশে;The Hermit sits alone = সেই সন্ন্যাসী একা বসে থাকে। Explanation: Wordsworth describes the green farms stretching up to the doors of the cottages, showing the close harmony between human life and nature. He notices thin curls of smoke rising quietly from among the trees. The smoke makes him wonder whether it comes from wandering people living in the forest or from a hermit sitting alone in a cave beside his fire. These images create a peaceful, mysterious atmosphere and emphasize the solitude and simplicity of life in nature.  These beauteous forms, Through a long absence, have not been to me As is a landscape to a blind man\’s

Edmund Burk

Burke’s Speech on East India Bill-page-02

EDMUND BURKE main text :part-o3 It is a charter of this latter description (that is to say a charter of power and monopoly) which is affected by the bill before you. The bill, Sir, does without question, affect it; it does affect it essentially and substantially. But, having stated to you of what description the chartered rights are which this bill touches, I feel no difficulty at all in acknowledging the existence of those chartered rights in their fullest extent. They belong to the Company in the surest manner; and they are secured to that body by every sort of public sanction. They are stamped by the faith of the king; they are stamped by the faith of Parliament; they have been bought for money, for money honestly and fairly paid; they have been bought for valuable consideration, over and over again. I therefore freely admit to the East India Company their claim to exclude their fellow-subjects from the commerce of half the globe. I admit their claim to administer an annual territorial revenue of seven millions sterling; to command an army of sixty thousand men; and to dispose (under the control of a sovereign imperial discretion, and with the due observance of the natural and local law) of the lives and fortunes of thirty millions of their fellow-creatures. All this they possess by charter and by acts of parliament, (in my opinion) without a shadow of controversy.Those who carry the rights and claims of the Company the furthest do not contend for more than this; and all this I freely grant. But granting all this, they must grant to me in my turn, that all political power which is set over men, and that all privilege claimed or exercised in exclusion of them, being wholly artificial, and for so much, a derogation from the natural equality of mankind at large, ought to be some way or other exercised ultimately for their benefit. If this is true with regard to every species of political dominion, and every description of commercial privilege, none of which can be original self-derived rights, or grants for the mere private benefit of the holders, then such rights, or privileges, or whatever else you choose to call them, are all in the strictest sense a trust: and it is of the very essence of every trust to be rendered accountable; and even totally to cease, when it substantially varies from the purposes for which alone it could have a lawful existence.This I conceive, Sir, to be true of trusts of power vested in the highest hands, and of such as seem to hold of no human creature. But about the application of this principle to subordinate derivative trusts, I do not see how a controversy can be maintained. To whom then would I make the East India Company accountable? Why, to Parliament to be sure; to Parliament, from whom their trust was derived to Parliament, which alone is capable of comprehending the magnitude of its object, and its abuse and alone capable of an effectual legislative remedy. The very charter, which is held out to exclude Parliament from correcting malversation with regard to the high trust vested in the Company, is the very thing which at once gives a title and imposes a duty on us to interfere with effect, wherever power and authority originating from ourselves are perverted from their purposes, and become instruments of wrong and violence. If Parliament, Sir, had nothing to do with this charter, we might have some sort of Epicurean excuse to stand aloof, indifferent spectators of what passes in the Company\’s name in India and in London. But if we are the very cause of the evil, we are in a special manner engaged to the redress; and for us passively to bear with oppressions committed under the sanction of our own authority is in truth and reason for this House to be an active accomplice in the abuse. 91 That the power, notoriously, grossly, abused has been bought from us is very certain. But this circumstance, which is urged against the bill, becomes an additional motive for our interference, lest we should be thought to have sold the blood of millions of men for the base consideration of money. We sold, I admit, all that we had to sell; that is our authority, not our control. We had not a right to make a market of our duties. I ground myself therefore on this principle- that if the abuse is proved, the contract is broken; and we re-enter into all our rights; that is, into the exercise of all our duties. Our own authority is indeed as much a trust originally, as the Company\’s authority is a trust derivatively; and it is the use we make of the resumed power that must justify or condemn us in the resumption of it. When we have perfected the plan laid before us by the Right Honorable mover,world will then see what it is we destroy, and what it is we create. By that test we stand or fall; and by that test I trust that it will be found, in the issue, that we are going to supersede a charter abused to the full extent of all the powers which it could abuse, and exercised in the plenitude of despotism, tyranny, and corruption, and that in one and the same plan we provide a real chartered security for the rights of men cruelly violated under that charter. traslation in bangla :Burke’s Speech on East India Bill It is a charter of this latter description = এটি এই দ্বিতীয় ধরনের একটি চার্টার (that is to say a charter of power and monopoly) = (অর্থাৎ ক্ষমতা ও একচেটিয়া অধিকারের চার্টার) which is affected by the bill before you. = যা আপনাদের সামনে উপস্থাপিত বিলের দ্বারা প্রভাবিত হচ্ছে।The bill, Sir, = মহাশয়, এই বিলটি does without question affect it; = নিঃসন্দেহে এটিকে প্রভাবিত করছে; it does affect it = এটি সত্যিই এটিকে প্রভাবিত

Edmund Burk, prose, showedprose

Burke’s Speech on East India Bill:page-01

EDMUND BURKE Mr. Speaker, I thank you for pointing to me. I really wished much to engage your attention in an early stage of the debate. I have been long very deeply, though perhaps ineffectually, engaged in the preliminary enquiries, which have continued without intermission for some years. Though I have felt, with some degree of sensibility, the natural and inevitable impressions of the several matters of fact, as they have been successively disclosed, I have not at any time attempted to trouble you on the merits of the subject, and very little on any of the points which incidentally arose in the course of our proceedings. But I should be sorry to be found totally silent upon this day. Our enquiries are now come to their final issue. It is now to be determined whether the three years of laborious parliamentary research, whether the twenty years of patient Indian suffering, are to produce a substantial reform in our Eastern administration; or whether our knowledge of the grievances has abated our zeal for the correction of them, and whether our very enquiry into the evil was only a pretext to elude the remedy which is demanded from us by humanity,by justice, and by every principle of true policy. Depend upon it, this business cannot be indifferent to our fame. It will turn out a matter of great disgrace or great glory to the whole British nation. We are on a conspicuous stage, and the world marks demeanour. our I am therefore a little concerned to perceive the spirit and temper in which the debate has been all along pursued, upon one side of the House. The declamation of the Gentlemen who oppose the bill has been abundant and vehement, but they have been reserved and even silent about the fitness or unfitness of the plan to attain the direct object it has in view. By some gentlemen it is taken up (by way of exercise I presume) as a point of law on a question of private property, and corporate franchise; by others it is regarded as the petty intrigue of a faction at court, and argued merely as it tends to set this man a little higher, or that a little lower in situation and power. All the void has been filled up with invectives against coalition; with allusions to the loss of America; with the activity and inactivity of ministers. The total silence of these gentlemen concerning the interest and well-being of the people of India, and concerning the interest which this nation has in the commerce and revenues of that country, is a strong indication of the value which they set upon these objects. It has been a little painful to me to observe the intrusion into this important debate of such company as Quo Warranto, and Mandamus, and Certiorari¹: as if we were on a trial about mayors and aldermen and capital burgesses, or engaged in a suit concerning the borough of Penryn, or Saltash, or St. Ives, or St. Mawes. Gentlemen have argued with as much heat and passion, as if the first things in the world were at stake; and their topics are such, as belong only to matter of the lowest and meanest litigation. It is not right, it is not worthy of us, in this manner to depreciate the value, to degrade the majesty, of this grave deliberation of policy and empire. For my part, I have thought myself bound, when a matter of this extraordinary weight came before me, not to consider (as some Gentlemen are so fond of doing) whether the bill originated from a Secretary of State for the Home Department or from a Secretary for the Foreign,3 from a minister of influence or a minister of the people; from Jacob or from Esau.4 I asked myself, and I asked myself nothing else, what part it was fit for a member of Parliament, who has supplied mediocrity of talents by the extreme of diligence, and who has thought himself obliged, by the research of years, to wind himself into the inmost recesses and labyrinths of the Indian detail, what part, I say, it became such a member of Parliament to take, when a minister of state, in conformity to a recommendation from the throne, has brought before us a system for the better government of the territory and commerce of the East. In this light, and in this only, I will trouble you with my sentiments traslation in Bengali: Burke\’s Speech on East India Bill .Mr. Speaker, = মাননীয় স্পিকার, I thank you for pointing to me. = আমাকে বক্তব্য দেওয়ার সুযোগ দেওয়ার জন্য আমি আপনাকে ধন্যবাদ জানাই। I really wished much = আমি সত্যিই খুব ইচ্ছা করেছিলাম to engage your attention = আপনাদের মনোযোগ আকর্ষণ করতে in an early stage of the debate. = বিতর্কের প্রাথমিক পর্যায়ে।I have been long very deeply, = আমি দীর্ঘদিন ধরে অত্যন্ত গভীরভাবে though perhaps ineffectually, = যদিও হয়তো খুব ফলপ্রসূভাবে নয়, engaged in the preliminary enquiries, = প্রাথমিক অনুসন্ধানগুলোর সঙ্গে যুক্ত ছিলাম, which have continued = যা চলেছে without intermission = কোনো বিরতি ছাড়া for some years. = কয়েক বছর ধরে। Though I have felt, = যদিও আমি অনুভব করেছি, with some degree of sensibility, = কিছুটা সংবেদনশীলতার সঙ্গে, the natural and inevitable impressions = স্বাভাবিক ও অনিবার্য প্রভাবগুলো of the several matters of fact, = বিভিন্ন বাস্তব ঘটনার, as they have been successively disclosed, = সেগুলো একের পর এক প্রকাশিত হওয়ার সঙ্গে সঙ্গে, I have not at any time attempted = আমি কোনো সময়েই চেষ্টা করিনি to trouble you = আপনাদের বিরক্ত করতে on the merits of the subject, = বিষয়টির মূল গুণাগুণ নিয়ে, and very little = এবং খুব সামান্যই on any of the points = কোনো কোনো বিষয় নিয়ে which incidentally arose = যা আনুষঙ্গিকভাবে উঠে এসেছিল in the course of our proceedings. = আমাদের কার্যধারার সময়।But I should be sorry = কিন্তু আমি দুঃখিত হব to be found totally silent = যদি আমাকে সম্পূর্ণ নীরব বলে দেখা

FRANCIS BACON, prose, showedprose

OF REVENGE

BACON’S SELECTED ESSAYS main text:part-01 REVENGE is a kind of wild justice which the more man\’s nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out. For as for the first wrong, it doth but offend the law; but the revenge of that wrong putteth the law to of office. Cer-tainly in taking revenge, a man is but even with his enemy; but in passing it over, he is superior; for it is prince\’s part to pardon. And Salomon, I am sure, saith, It is the glory of a man to pass by an offence. That which is past is gone, and irrevocable; and wise men have enough to do with things 0 present and to come; therefore they do but triffle with them-selves, that labour in past matters. There is no man doth a wrong for the wrong\’s sake; but thereby to purchase him-self profit, or pleasure, or honour, or the like. Therefore why should I be angry with a man for loving himself better than me? And if any man should do wrong merely out of ill-nature, why, yet it is but like the thorn or briar, which Traslation in bangla :OF REVENGE REVENGE is a kind of wild justice → প্রতিশোধ এক ধরনের বন্য ন্যায়বিচার। which the more man\’s nature runs to, → মানুষের স্বভাব যত বেশি এর দিকে ঝোঁকে, the more ought law to weed it out. → আইনের তত বেশি উচিত এটিকে দমন করা।For as for the first wrong, → কারণ প্রথম অন্যায়টি, it doth but offend the law; → শুধু আইন ভঙ্গ করে; but the revenge of that wrong → কিন্তু সেই অন্যায়ের প্রতিশোধ putteth the law out of office. → আইনকে অকার্যকর করে দেয়। Certainly in taking revenge, → নিশ্চয়ই প্রতিশোধ নেওয়ার মাধ্যমে, a man is but even with his enemy; → একজন মানুষ কেবল তার শত্রুর সমান হয়; but in passing it over, → কিন্তু তা ক্ষমা করে দিলে, he is superior; → সে তার চেয়ে শ্রেষ্ঠ হয়ে যায়; for it is prince\’s part to pardon. → কারণ ক্ষমা করা রাজসুলভ গুণ।And Salomon, I am sure, saith, → এবং আমি নিশ্চিত, সলোমন বলেছেন, It is the glory of a man to pass by an offence. → অপরাধ ক্ষমা করাই মানুষের গৌরব। That which is past is gone, and irrevocable; → যা অতীত, তা চলে গেছে এবং আর ফিরিয়ে আনা যায় না; and wise men have enough to do → এবং জ্ঞানী মানুষের যথেষ্ট কাজ রয়েছে with things present and to come; → বর্তমান ও ভবিষ্যৎ নিয়ে; therefore they do but trifle with themselves, → তাই যারা অতীত নিয়ে পড়ে থাকে তারা নিজেদের সঙ্গেই ছেলেখেলা করে, that labour in past matters. → অর্থাৎ অতীত বিষয় নিয়ে পরিশ্রম করে।There is no man doth a wrong for the wrong\’s sake; → কেউ কেবল অন্যায় করার জন্য অন্যায় করে না; but thereby to purchase himself → বরং এর মাধ্যমে সে অর্জন করতে চায় profit, or pleasure, or honour, or the like. → লাভ, আনন্দ, সম্মান বা এ জাতীয় কিছু। Therefore why should I be angry with a man → তাহলে আমি কেন একজন মানুষের ওপর রাগ করব for loving himself better than me? → কারণ সে নিজেকে আমার চেয়ে বেশি ভালোবাসে?And if any man should do wrong merely out of ill-nature, → আর যদি কেউ কেবল খারাপ স্বভাবের কারণে অন্যায় করে, why, yet it is but like the thorn or briar, → তবুও সে কাঁটা বা ঝোপের মতোই, which … → যা …। Short Summary:OF REVENGE In the opening of \”Of Revenge,\” Francis Bacon argues that revenge is a form of wild justice that should be controlled by law. While an initial wrong breaks the law, revenge weakens the authority of law itself. A person who takes revenge only becomes equal to his enemy, but one who forgives becomes superior. Bacon advises people not to dwell on past injuries because wise individuals focus on the present and future. He also points out that people usually commit wrongs for their own benefit, pleasure, or honor, not simply for the sake of doing evil. main text:part-02 pricks and scratch, because they can do no other. The most tolerable sort of revenge is for those wrongs which there is no law to remedy but then let a man take heed the revenge be such as there is no law to punish; else a man\’s enemy is still forehand, and it is two for one. Some, when they take revenge, are desirous the party should know whence it cometh. This is the more generous. For the delight seemeth to be not so much in doing the hurt as in making the party repent. But base and crafty cowards are like the arrow that flieth in the dark. Cosmus, Duke of Florence, had a desperate saying against perfidious or neglecting friends, as if those wrongs were unpardonable; You shall read (saith he) that we are commanded to forgive our enemies; but you never read that we are commnanded to forgive our Traslation in bangla :OF REVENGE pricks and scratch, because they can do no other. → যা কেবল খোঁচা দেয় ও আঁচড় কাটে, কারণ তারা অন্য কিছু করতে পারে না।The most tolerable sort of revenge → প্রতিশোধের মধ্যে সবচেয়ে সহনীয় ধরন হলো is for those wrongs which there is no law to remedy → যেসব অন্যায়ের জন্য আইনে কোনো প্রতিকার নেই, but then let a man take heed → তবে তখন মানুষকে সতর্ক থাকতে হবে the revenge be such as there is no law to punish; → যেন প্রতিশোধ এমন হয় যার জন্য আইন তাকে শাস্তি দিতে না পারে; else a man\’s enemy is still forehand, → অন্যথায় শত্রুই আবার এগিয়ে থাকবে, and it is two for one. → এবং তখন একের বদলে দুই ক্ষতি হয়ে যাবে। Some, when they take revenge, → কিছু মানুষ যখন প্রতিশোধ নেয়, are desirous the party should know whence it cometh. → তারা চায় শত্রু যেন জানে প্রতিশোধ কোথা থেকে এসেছে। This is the more generous. → এটি তুলনামূলকভাবে উদার ও মহৎ আচরণ। For the delight seemeth to be not so much in

FRANCIS BACON

OF TRUTH

BACON\’S SELECTED ESSAYS main text:part-01 WHAT is Truth? said jesting Pilate; and would not say for an answer. Certainly there be that delight in giddiness and count it a bondage to fix a belief; affecting free-will in thinking, as well as in acting. And, though the sects of philosophers of that kind be gone, yet there remain certain discoursing wits which are of the same veins, though there be not so much blood in them as was in those of the ancients. But it is not only the difficulty and labour which men take in finding out of truth; nor again that, when it is found, it imposeth upon men\’s thoughts that doth bring lies in favour; but a natural though corrupt love of the lie itself.One of the later schools of the Grecians examineth the matter, and is at a stand to think what should be in it, that men should love lies, where neither they make for pleasure, as with poets, nor for advantage, as with the merchant; but Traslation in bangla :OF TRUTH WHAT is Truth? → সত্য কী? said jesting Pilate; → রসিকতার ভঙ্গিতে পিলাত বলেছিলেন; and would not stay for an answer. → এবং উত্তরের জন্য অপেক্ষা করেননি। Certainly there be that delight in giddiness → নিশ্চয়ই এমন কিছু লোক আছে যারা অস্থিরতা ও চঞ্চলতায় আনন্দ পায় and count it a bondage to fix a belief; → এবং কোনো বিশ্বাসে স্থির হওয়াকে এক ধরনের দাসত্ব মনে করে; affecting free-will in thinking, → চিন্তার ক্ষেত্রেও স্বাধীন ইচ্ছার ভান করে, as well as in acting. → যেমন তারা কাজের ক্ষেত্রেও করে। And, though the sects of philosophers of that kind be gone, → এবং যদিও সেই ধরনের দার্শনিকদের সম্প্রদায় এখন বিলুপ্ত হয়ে গেছে, yet there remain certain discoursing wits → তবুও কিছু তর্কপ্রিয় বুদ্ধিজীবী এখনও রয়ে গেছে which are of the same veins, → যাদের স্বভাব একই রকম, though there be not so much blood in them → যদিও তাদের মধ্যে ততটা শক্তি বা প্রাণশক্তি নেই as was in those of the ancients. → যতটা প্রাচীনদের মধ্যে ছিল। But it is not only the difficulty and labour → কিন্তু কেবল সত্য খুঁজে পাওয়ার কঠিনতা ও পরিশ্রমই নয় which men take in finding out of truth; → যা মানুষকে সত্য আবিষ্কারে করতে হয়; nor again that, when it is found, → এবং এটাও নয় যে, যখন সত্য পাওয়া যায়, it imposeth upon men\’s thoughts → তখন তা মানুষের চিন্তার ওপর নিয়ন্ত্রণ আরোপ করে that doth bring lies in favour; → যার কারণে মানুষ মিথ্যার পক্ষ নেয়; but a natural though corrupt love of the lie itself. → বরং মিথ্যার প্রতি মানুষের এক স্বাভাবিক, যদিও বিকৃত, ভালোবাসা রয়েছে। One of the later schools of the Grecians examineth the matter, → গ্রিকদের পরবর্তী যুগের এক দার্শনিক মতবাদ এই বিষয়টি পরীক্ষা করে, and is at a stand to think → এবং বিস্মিত হয়ে ভাবতে থাকে what should be in it, → এতে এমন কী আছে, that men should love lies, → যে মানুষ মিথ্যাকে ভালোবাসে, where neither they make for pleasure, as with poets, → যেখানে মিথ্যা কোনো আনন্দ দেয় না, যেমন কবিদের ক্ষেত্রে দেয়, nor for advantage, as with the merchant; → এবং কোনো লাভও এনে দেয় না, যেমন ব্যবসায়ীদের ক্ষেত্রে এনে দেয়; but … → তবুও …। Short Summary:OF TRUTH In the opening of \”Of Truth,\” Francis Bacon explains that many people do not like truth because they enjoy uncertainty and freedom in thinking. He argues that people are naturally attracted to lies, not only because truth is difficult to discover, but also because there is a corrupt love of falsehood in human nature. main text:part-02 for the lie\’s sake. But I cannot tell this same with truth is a naked and open day-light, that doth not shew the masks and mummeries and triumphs of the world, half so stately and daintily as candle-lights. Truth may perhaps come to the price of a pearl, that-sheweth best by day; but it will not rise to the price of a diamond or carbuncle, that sheweth best in varied lights. A mixture of lie doth ever add pleasure. Doth any man doubt, that if there were taken out of men\’s minds vain opinions, flattering hopes, false valuations, imaginations as one would, and the like, but it would leave the minds of a number of men poor shrunken things, full of melancholy and indisposition, and unpleasing to themselves? One of the Fathers, in great severity, called poesy vinum dacmonum the wine of devils), because it filleth the imagination; and yet it is but with the shadow of a lie. But it is not the lie that passeth through the mind, but the lie that sinketh in and settleth in it, that doth the hurt, such as we spake of before. But howsoever these things are thus in men\’s depraved judgements and affections, yet truth, which only doth judge itself, teacheth that the inquiry of truth, which is the love-making or wooing of it, the knowledge of truth, which is the presence of it and the Traslation in bangla :OF TRUTH for the lie\’s sake. → মিথ্যার নিজের স্বার্থেই। But I cannot tell: → কিন্তু আমি বুঝতে পারি না: this same truth is a naked and open day-light, → এই সত্য হলো উন্মুক্ত ও নগ্ন দিবালোকের মতো, that doth not shew the masks and mummeries and triumphs of the world, → যা বিশ্বের মুখোশ, ভান-ভণিতা এবং জাঁকজমককে দেখায় না, half so stately and daintily as candle-lights. → যতটা সুন্দর ও আকর্ষণীয়ভাবে মোমবাতির আলো দেখায়। Truth may perhaps come to the price of a pearl, → সত্য হয়তো মুক্তার মূল্যের সমান হতে পারে, that sheweth best by day; → যা দিনের আলোতে সবচেয়ে ভালো দেখায়; but it will not rise to the price of a diamond or carbuncle, → কিন্তু তা হীরা বা রক্তমণির মূল্যে পৌঁছাতে পারে না, that sheweth best in varied lights. → যা বিভিন্ন আলোতে সবচেয়ে সুন্দর দেখায়। A mixture of lie doth ever add pleasure. → মিথ্যার মিশ্রণ সবসময়ই আনন্দ বাড়ায়। Doth any man doubt, → কেউ কি সন্দেহ করে,

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