samuel johnson
main text:
In 1643, Cowley, who had already earned a Master of Arts degree, was expelled from Cambridge due to the dominance of Parliament during the political conflict. He took refuge at St. Johnâs College in Oxford. There, he wrote a satire titled The Puritan and Papist, which later appeared in his collected works. Because of his strong loyalty to the King and his refined manner of conversation, he gained the respect and trust of the royal circle, including Lord Falkland, whose influence added honour to those he associated with.
Later, when Oxford was surrendered to Parliament, Cowley followed the Queen to Paris. There he served as secretary to Lord Jermin (later Earl of St. Albans).
employed in such correspondence as the royal cause required, and particularly in cyphering and decyphering the letters that passed between the King and Queen; an employment of the highest confidence and honour. So wide was his province of intelligence, that, for several years, it filled all his days and two or three nights in the week.
In the year 1647, his ‘Mistress’ was pub-lished; for he imagined, as he declared in his preface to a subsequent edition, that ‘poets are scarce thought freemen of their company with-out paying some duties, or obliging themselves to be true to Love.’
This obligation to amorous ditties owes, I be-lieve, its original to the fame of Petrarch, who, in an age rude and uncultivated, by his tuneful homage to his Laura, refined the manners of the lettered world, and filled Europe with love and poetry. But the basis of all excellence is truth: he that professes love ought to feel its power. Pet-rarch was a real lover, and Laura doubtless de-served his tenderness. Of Cowley, we are told by Barnes, who had means enough of information, that, whatever he may talk of his own inflam-mability, and the variety of characters by which
Translation in Bengali:
employed in such correspondence as the royal cause required, = āϰāĻžāĻāĻā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ⧠āϝāϤ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻĒāϤā§āϰāĻžāϞāĻžāĻĒ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύ āĻšāϤā§, āϏā§āϏāĻŦ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻŋāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ, and particularly in cyphering and decyphering the letters that passed between the King and Queen; = āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻāϰ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻ āϰāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻĻāĻžāύ-āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāĻā§āϞā§āĻā§ āϏāĻāĻā§āϤāϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāϤ⧠āϰā§āĻĒāĻžāύā§āϤāϰ āĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ; an employment of the highest confidence and honour. = āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻ āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ āĻŽāϰā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦāĨ¤ So wide was his province of intelligence, = āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āϤāĻĨā§āϝāϏāĻāĻā§āϰāĻš āĻ āĻā§āĻĒāύ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ āĻāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤā§āϤ āĻāĻŋāϞ, that, for several years, it filled all his days and two or three nights in the week. = āϝ⧠āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻŦāĻāϰ āϧāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāĻšā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āϰāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāϏā§āϤ āϰāĻžāĻāϤāĨ¤ In the year 1647, his ‘Mistress’ was published; = ā§§ā§Ŧā§Ēā§ āϏāĻžāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāĻāϰ âMistressâ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ; for he imagined, as he declared in his preface to a subsequent edition, = āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧠āĻāϰāϤā§āύ, āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻāĻŋ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ, that ‘poets are scarce thought freemen of their company without paying some duties, = āϝ⧠âāĻāĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŽā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦ āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āύāĻž āĻāϰāϞā§, or obliging themselves to be true to Love.’ = āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŽā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāϏā§āϤ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻ āĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāϰ āύāĻž āĻāϰāϞā§, āϤāĻžāĻāĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āϏāĻĻāϏā§āϝ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻāĻŖā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤â This obligation to amorous ditties owes, I believe, its original to the fame of Petrarch, = āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ, āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŽāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻž āϞā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāϧāĻāϤāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻāύāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϤā§āϰāĻžāϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻĨā§āĻā§, who, in an age rude and uncultivated, = āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ āϰā§āĻā§āώ āĻ āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŋāϤ āϝā§āĻā§, by his tuneful homage to his Laura, = āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āϞāϰāĻž-āĻā§ āύāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŋāϤ āϏā§āϰā§āϞāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻāϏāĻžāĻāĻžāĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§, refined the manners of the lettered world, = āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻā§āϰ āϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻāĻāϰāĻŖāĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ, and filled Europe with love and poetry. = āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻŽāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻĒāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŽ āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āϤā§āϞā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ But the basis of all excellence is truth: = āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻŦ āĻā§āĻāϰā§āώā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻšāϞ⧠āϏāϤā§āϝāĨ¤ he that professes love ought to feel its power. = āϝ⧠āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŽā§āϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āĻāϰā§, āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŽā§āϰ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻ āύā§āĻāĻŦ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ Petrarch was a real lover, = āĻĒā§āϤā§āϰāĻžāϰā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ, and Laura doubtless deserved his tenderness. = āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāĻŋāĻāϏāύā§āĻĻā§āĻšā§ āϞāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ Of Cowley, we are told by Barnes, = āĻāĻžāĻāϞāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āύāϏ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāύāĻžāύ, who had means enough of information, = āϝāĻžāĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āϝāĻĨā§āώā§āĻ āϤāĻĨā§āϝā§āϰ āĻā§āϏ āĻāĻŋāϞ, that, whatever he may talk of his own inflammability, = āϝ⧠āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āϏāĻšāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻāĻžāĻŦ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāϤ āĻāĻĨāĻžāĻ āĻŦāϞā§āύ āύāĻž āĻā§āύ, and the variety of characters by whichâ = āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻāϰāĻŋāϤā§āϰā§āϰ āύāĻžāϰā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āϝā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻāϰā§āύ āύāĻž āĻā§āύâ
main text:
Samuel Johnson describes an important period in Cowleyâs life when he worked in secret royal correspondence during the civil war. He was trusted with encoding and decoding letters between the King and Queen, a position of great honour and confidence. His responsibilities were so extensive that they occupied almost all of his days and several nights each week.
In 1647, Cowley published Mistress, believing that poets were expected to write about love in order to be accepted among other poets. Johnson explains that this tradition began largely from the influence of Petrarch, whose poems for Laura spread the ideals of love and poetry throughout Europe.
However, Johnson argues that true excellence in love poetry must be based on genuine feeling. He considers Petrarch a sincere lover, but questions whether Cowleyâs expressions of love were equally real and heartfelt.his heart was divided, he in reality was in love but once, and then never had resolution to tell his passion.
This consideration cannot but abate, in some measure, the reader’s esteem for the work and the author. To love excellence, is natural; it is natural likewise for the lover to solicit reciprocal regard by an elaborate display of his own qualifi-cations. The desire of pleasing has in different men produced actions of heroism, and effusions of wit; but it seems as reasonable to appear the champion as the poet of an ‘airy nothingšo,’ and to quarrel as to write for what Cowley might have learned from his master Pindar to call the ‘dream of a shadowšš.’
It is surely not difficult, in the solitude of a college, or in the bustle of the world, to find use-ful studies and serious employment. No mar needs to be so burthened with life as to squander it in voluntary dreams of fictitious occurrences The man that sits down to suppose himsel charged with treason or peculation, and heats hi mind to an elaborate purgation of his characte from crimes which he was never within the posibility-
Translation in Bengali:
his heart was divided, = āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻšā§āĻĻāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻā§āϤ āĻāĻŋāϞ, he in reality was in love but once, = āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦā§ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻŦāĻžāϰāĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ, and then never had resolution to tell his passion. = āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻāύāĻ āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāϏ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻĒāĻžāύāύāĻŋāĨ¤ This consideration cannot but abate, in some measure, the reader’s esteem for the work and the author. = āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻšāϞā§āĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āϰāĻāύāĻž āĻ āϞā§āĻāĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϰā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧāĨ¤ To love excellence, is natural; = āĻā§āĻāϰā§āώāĻā§ āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻž āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ; it is natural likewise for the lover to solicit reciprocal regard = āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻā§āώ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻž āĻāĻžāĻŽāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāĻ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ, by an elaborate display of his own qualifications. = āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŖāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§āĨ¤ The desire of pleasing has in different men produced actions of heroism, and effusions of wit; = āĻ āύā§āϝāĻā§ āĻāύāύā§āĻĻ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āώāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϰāϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻĒā§āϤ āϰāĻāύāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§; but it seems as reasonable to appear the champion as the poet of an ‘airy nothing,’ = āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ âāĻ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦ āĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻžâ-āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻŋ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤā§āĻ āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āϝā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻž āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻĒāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻāϰāĻžāĻ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāϏāĻā§āĻāϤ āĻŽāύ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧ, and to quarrel as to write for what Cowley might have learned from his master Pindar to call the ‘dream of a shadow.’ = āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϞā§āĻāĻž, āϝāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻāϞāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻā§āϰ⧠āĻĒāĻŋāύā§āĻĄāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ âāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύâ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ It is surely not difficult, in the solitude of a college, or in the bustle of the world, = āύāĻŋāĻļā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻāϞā§āĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāĻāϏāĻā§āĻāϤāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰ āĻā§āϞāĻžāĻšāϞā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝā§āĻ, to find useful studies and serious employment. = āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻ āϧā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ āĻā§āϰā§āϤāϰ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻā§āĻāĻā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ āĻŋāύ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ No man needs to be so burthened with life = āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāύ⧠āĻāϤ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϰāĻžāĻā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύ āύā§āĻ as to squander it in voluntary dreams of fictitious occurrences. = āϝ⧠āϏ⧠āĻāϞā§āĻĒāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻāύāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āϤ āϏā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύ⧠āĻā§āĻŦāύ āύāώā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻŦā§āĨ¤ The man that sits down to suppose himself charged with treason or peculation, = āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§ āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĻā§āϰā§āĻš āĻŦāĻž āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻāϤā§āĻŽāϏāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻ āĻāĻŋāϝā§āĻā§ āĻ āĻāĻŋāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāϏā§, and heats his mind to an elaborate purgation of his character = āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻāϰāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āώ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŽāύ⧠āϤā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāϤā§āϤā§āĻāύāĻž āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰā§, from crimes which he was never within the possibilityâ = āϏā§āϏāĻŦ āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻžāϧ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻā§āϤ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāϤā§, āϝā§āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝā§āĻ āϏ⧠āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻŋāϞ āύāĻžâ
main text:
Samuel Johnson says that Cowley truly fell in love only once in his life, and even then he never had the courage to express it. Because of this, Johnson feels that Cowleyâs emotional sincerity as a love poet becomes doubtful, which slightly reduces the readerâs respect for both the poet and his work.
Johnson then reflects that while it is natural for people to admire excellence and seek approval from others, this desire can lead to exaggerated self-expression in poetry and actions. However, he criticizes the idea of wasting life in imagination and unrealistic thinking.He argues that whether in the quiet of a college or in the busy world, people can always find meaningful and useful work. There is no need to burden life with unnecessary fantasies or to imagine false situations, such as accusing oneself of crimes that never happened, only to mentally defend oneself.
sibility of committing, differs only by the infre-quency of his folly from him who praises beauty which he never saw, complains of jealousy which he never felt; supposes himself sometimes invited, and sometimes forsaken; fatigues his fancy, and ransacks his memory, for images which may ex-hibit the gaiety of hope, or the gloominess of de-spair, and dresses his imaginary Chloris or Phyllis sometimes in flowers fading as her beauty, and sometimes in gems lasting as her virtues.
At Paris, as secretary to Lord Jermin, he was engaged in transacting things of real importance with real men and real women, and at that time did not much employ his thoughts upon phan-toms of gallantry. Some of his letters to Mr. Bennet, afterwards Earl of Arlington, from April to December in 1650, are preserved in ‘Miscel-lanea Aulica,’ a collection of papers published by Brownš2. These letters, being written like those â of other men whose mind is more on things than words, contribute no otherwise to his reputation than as they shew him to have been above the affectation of unseasonable elegance, and to have known that the business of a statesman can be little forwarded by flowers of rhetorick.One passage, however, seems not unworthy of some notice. Speaking of the Scotch treaty then in agitation:’The Scotch treaty,’ says he, ‘is the only thing now in which we are vitally concerned; I am one of the last hopers, and yet cannot now abstain from believing, that an agreement will be made: all people upon the place incline to that of union. The Scotch will moderate something of the rigour of their demands; the mutual necessity of an accord is visible, the King is persuaded of it. And to tell you the truth (which I take to be an argument above all the rest), Virgil has told the same thing to that purpose.’
Translation in Bengali:
…differs only by the infrequency of his folly = āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϞāϤāĻžāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§āĻ āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ from him who praises beauty which he never saw, = āϏā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§, āϝ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻāϏāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āϝāĻž āϏ⧠āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻĻā§āĻā§āύāĻŋ, complains of jealousy which he never felt; = āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāϰā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻ āĻāĻŋāϝā§āĻ āĻāϰ⧠āϝāĻž āϏ⧠āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻ āύā§āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰā§āύāĻŋ; supposes himself sometimes invited, = āĻāĻāύ⧠āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŽāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻž āĻāϰā§, and sometimes forsaken; = āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāύ⧠āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻā§āϤ āĻŽāύ⧠āĻāϰā§; fatigues his fancy, = āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻžāĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āϞāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻāϰā§, and ransacks his memory, = āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏā§āĻŽā§āϤāĻŋāĻā§ āϤāύā§āύ āϤāύā§āύ āĻāϰ⧠āĻā§āĻāĻā§, for images which may exhibit the gaiety of hope, = āĻāĻŽāύ āϏāĻŦ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϝāĻž āĻāĻļāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§, or the gloominess of despair, = āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻšāϤāĻžāĻļāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāĻŖā§āύāϤāĻž āϤā§āϞ⧠āϧāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§, and dresses his imaginary Chloris or Phyllis = āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāϞā§āĻĒāĻŋāϤ āĻā§āϞā§āϰāĻŋāϏ āĻŦāĻž āĻĢāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϏāĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ, sometimes in flowers fading as her beauty, = āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ āĻĢā§āϞ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§, āϝāĻž āϤāĻžāϰ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϤā§āĻ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻŽā§āϞāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, and sometimes in gems lasting as her virtues. = āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ āϰāϤā§āύ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§, āϝāĻž āϤāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻŖāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāϤā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāϰāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āĨ¤
At Paris, = āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϰāĻŋāϏā§, as secretary to Lord Jermin, = āϞāϰā§āĻĄ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŽāĻŋāύā§āϰ āϏāĻāĻŋāĻŦ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§, he was engaged in transacting things of real importance = āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦ āĻ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāϰā§āĻŽā§ āύāĻŋāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ with real men and real women, = āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώâāĻĒā§āϰā§āώ āĻ āύāĻžāϰā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§, and at that time = āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§ did not much employ his thoughts = āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻā§āĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻŽāύā§āϝā§āĻ āĻĻā§āύāύāĻŋ upon phantoms of gallantry. = āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŽ-āĻĒā§āϰāĻŖāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Some of his letters = āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ to Mr. Bennet, = āĻŽāĻŋāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āύā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§, afterwards Earl of Arlington, = āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻāϰā§āϞ āĻ āĻŦ āĻāϰāϞāĻŋāĻāĻāύ āĻšāύ, from April to December in 1650, = ā§§ā§Ŧā§Ģā§Ļ āϏāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϞ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĄāĻŋāϏā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ āϞā§āĻāĻž, are preserved in “Miscellanea Aulica”, = “Miscellanea Aulica” āĻā§āϰāύā§āĻĨā§ āϏāĻāϰāĻā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻā§, a collection of papers = āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻĻāϞāĻŋāϞāĻĒāϤā§āϰā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻāĻāϞāύ, published by Brown. = āĻāĻŦāĻ āϝāĻž āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤
These letters, = āĻāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāĻā§āϞā§, being written like those of other men = āĻ āύā§āϝ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāϰ āĻŽāϤā§āĻ āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϝāĻŧ, whose mind is more on things than words, = āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, contribute no otherwise to his reputation = āϤāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϤāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻ āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāύ āϰāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻž, than as they shew him = āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āϝā§, to have been above the affectation of unseasonable elegance, = āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύā§āϝāĻŧ āĻ āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻ āϞāĻāĻāĻžāϰāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāύ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāϰā§āϧā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ, and to have known = āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻžāύāϤā§āύ that the business of a statesman = āϝ⧠āĻāĻāĻāύ āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāύāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻ can be little forwarded = āĻā§āĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āύā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž by flowers of rhetorick. = āĻ āϞāĻāĻāĻžāϰāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻā§āϤā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻĢā§āϞāĻā§āϰāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĨ¤
One passage, however, = āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻāĻļ, seems not unworthy of some notice. = āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϞāĻā§āώ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻŽāύ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Speaking of the Scotch treaty then in agitation: = āϤāĻāύ āĻāϞā§āĻāύāĻžāϧā§āύ āϏā§āĻāĻāϞā§āϝāĻžāύā§āĻĄā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϞāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āύâ
“The Scotch treaty,” says he, = āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞā§āύ, “āϏā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ “is the only thing now = āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ in which we are vitally concerned;” = āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāύ-āĻŽāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤāĨ¤” “I am one of the last hopers,” = “āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§āώ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻāĻļāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻāύ,” “and yet cannot now abstain from believing,” = “āϤāĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻāϰāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϤ āϰāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻāĻŋ āύāĻž,” “that an agreement will be made:” = “āϝ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻā§āϤāĻž āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤” “all people upon the place incline to that of union.” = “āĻāĻāĻžāύāĻāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĒāĻā§āώā§āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻāĻā§āĨ¤” “The Scotch will moderate something of the rigour of their demands;” = “āϏā§āĻāĻāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻ ā§āϰāϤāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϞ āĻāϰāĻŦā§āĨ¤” “the mutual necessity of an accord is visible;” = “āĻāĻāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻā§āώā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϏāĻŽāĻā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύā§āϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻāĨ¤” “the King is persuaded of it.” = “āϰāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧā§ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤” “And to tell you the truth” = “āĻāϰ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŋ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤā§,” “(which I take to be an argument above all the rest),” = “(āϝāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻ āύā§āϝ āϏāĻŦ āϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞā§),” “Virgil has told the same thing to that purpose.” = “āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĻ āĻāĻāĻ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ⧠āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ āĻāĻĨāĻžāĻ āĻŦāϞā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤”
main text:
This expression from a secretary of the pre-sent time would be considered as merely ludi-crous, or at most as an ostentatious display of scholarship; but the manners of that time were so tinged with superstition, that I cannot but suspect Cowley of having consulted on this great occasion the Virgilian lots, and to have given some credit to the answer of his oracle.
Some years afterwards, ‘business,’ says Sprat, ‘passed of course into other hands’; and Cowley,being no longer useful at Paris, was in 1656 sent back into England, that, ‘under pretence of privacy and retirement, he might take occasion of giving notice of the posture of things in this nation.’
Soon after his return to London, he was seized by some messengers of the usurping powers, who were sent out in quest of another man; and, being examined, was put into confinement, from which he was not dismissed without the security of a thousand pounds given by Dr.
This year he published his poems, with a preface, in which he seems to have inserted something, suppressed in subsequent editions, which was interpreted to denote some relaxation of his loyalty. In this preface he declares, that ‘his desire had been for some days past, and did still very vehemently continue, to retire himself to some of the American plantations, and to for-sake this world forever.’
From the obloquy which the appearance of submission to the usurpers brought upon him, his biographer has been very diligent to clear him, and indeed it does not seem to have less-ened his reputation. His wish for retirement we can easily believe to be undissembled; a man har-12
assed in one kingdom and persecuted in another, who, after a course of business that employed all his days and half his nights in cyphering and de-cyphering, comes to his own country and steps into a prison, will be willing enough to retire to some place of quiet, and of safety. Yet let ‘neither our reverence for a genius, nor our pity for a suf-ferer, dispose us to forget that, if his activity was virtue, his retreat was cowardice.
He then took upon himself the character of Physician, still, according to Sprat, with intention ‘to dissemble the main design of his coming over,’ and, as Mr. Wood relates, ‘complying with the men then in power (which was much taken no-tice of by the royal party), he obtained an order to be created Doctor of Physick, which being done to his mind (whereby he gained the ill-will of some of his friends), he went into France again, having made a copy of verses on Oliver’s death.’
This is no favourable representation, yet even in this not much wrong can be discovered. How far he complied with the men in power, is to be inquired before he can be blamed. It is not said that he told them any secrets, or assisted them by intelligence, or any other act. If he only promised to be quiet, that they in whose hands he was might free him from confinement, he did what no law of society prohibits.50
The man whose miscarriage in a just cause has put him in the power of his enemy may, without any violation of his integrity, regain his liberty, or preserve his life, by a promise of neu-trality: for the stipulation gives the enemy noth-ing which he had not before; the neutrality of a captive may be always secured by his imprison-ment or death. He that is at the disposal of an-other may not promise to aid him in any injuri-ous act, because no power can compel active obedience. He may engage to do nothing, but not to do ill.
Translation in Bengali:
This expression from a secretary of the present time = āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻā§āύ⧠āϏāĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰ āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻŦāĻā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ would be considered as merely ludicrous, = āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻšāĻžāϏā§āϝāĻāϰ āĻŦāϞā§āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϤā§, or at most as an ostentatious display of scholarship; = āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āϏāϰā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϞā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻŽāύ⧠āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϤā§; but the manners of that time = āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϏā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āϰā§āϤāĻŋ-āύā§āϤāĻŋ were so tinged with superstition, = āĻā§āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāϤāĻāĻžāĻ āϰāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŋāϞ, that I cannot but suspect Cowley = āϝ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāϞāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āϏāύā§āĻĻā§āĻš āύāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āύāĻž, of having consulted on this great occasion = āĻāĻ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻĒāϞāĻā§āώ⧠āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāϰā§āĻļ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ the Virgilian lots, = āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§āĻŽā§āϞāĻ āϞāĻ (Virgilian lots) āĻĨā§āĻā§, and to have given some credit = āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ to the answer of his oracle. = āϏā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§āϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰā§āĨ¤
Some years afterwards, = āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§, ‘business,’ says Sprat, = āϏā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻŦāϞā§āύ, “āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰā§āϝ” ‘passed of course into other hands’; = āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ āĻ āύā§āϝāĻĻā§āϰ āĻšāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāϞ⧠āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ; and Cowley, = āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻžāĻāϞāĻŋ, being no longer useful at Paris, = āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϰāĻŋāϏ⧠āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύā§āϝāĻŧ āύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ, was in 1656 sent back into England, = ā§§ā§Ŧā§Ģā§Ŧ āϏāĻžāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻāĻāϞā§āϝāĻžāύā§āĻĄā§ āĻĢāĻŋāϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāύ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧ, that, under pretence of privacy and retirement, = āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāύāϤāĻž āĻ āĻ āĻŦāϏāϰ āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āϰ āĻ āĻā§āĻšāĻžāϤā§, he might take occasion = āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϏā§āϝā§āĻ āύāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āύ of giving notice = āϏāĻāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāύā§āϰ of the posture of things in this nation. = āĻ āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰ āϰāĻžāĻāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤
Soon after his return to London, = āϞāύā§āĻĄāύ⧠āĻĢāĻŋāϰ⧠āĻāϏāĻžāϰ āĻ āϞā§āĻĒāĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻĒāϰ, he was seized = āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āĻĒā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻšāύ, by some messengers of the usurping powers, = āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻĻāĻāϞāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āϏāϰāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻāύ āĻĻā§āϤā§āϰ āĻšāĻžāϤā§, who were sent out = āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāύ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ in quest of another man; = āĻ āύā§āϝ āĻāĻāĻāύāĻā§ āĻā§āĻāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ; and, being examined, = āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāϏāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ, was put into confinement, = āϤāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻāĻžāϰāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŦāύā§āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, from which he was not dismissed = āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāύāύāĻŋ without the security of a thousand pounds = āĻāĻ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻāύā§āĻĄā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāύ āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž, given by Dr. ââ = āϝāĻž āĻĄāĻā§āĻāϰ ââ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤
This year he published his poems, = āϏā§āĻ āĻŦāĻāϰ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϏāĻāĻā§āϰāĻš āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āύ, with a preface, = āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻžāϏāĻš, in which he seems to have inserted something, = āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϞāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ, suppressed in subsequent editions, = āϝāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāϰāĻŖāĻā§āϞā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, which was interpreted = āĻāĻŦāĻ āϝāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ to denote some relaxation of his loyalty. = āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āϰāĻžāĻāĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϞ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§âāĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§āĨ¤
In this preface he declares, = āĻāĻ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻā§āώāĻŖāĻž āĻāϰā§āύ, that “his desire had been = āϝ⧠“āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āϧāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāϞ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāϞ for some days past, = āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻĻāĻŋāύ āϝāĻžāĻŦā§, and did still very vehemently continue, = āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏā§āĻ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻž āϤāĻāύāĻ āĻ āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāϞ āĻāĻŋāϞ, to retire himself = āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāύ⧠āϏāϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āύā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ, to some of the American plantations, = āĻāĻŽā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļā§, and to forsake this world forever.” = āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŋāϰāĻĻāĻŋāύā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϤā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰāĨ¤”
From the obloquy = āύāĻŋāύā§āĻĻāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§, which the appearance of submission to the usurpers = āϝāĻž āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻĻāĻāϞāĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻāύā§āĻāϤā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ brought upon him, = āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāϏā§āĻāĻŋāϞ, his biographer = āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āĻāĻžāϰ has been very diligent = āĻ āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻā§āώā§āĻāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ to clear him, = āϤāĻžāĻāĻā§ āϏā§āĻ āĻ āĻāĻŋāϝā§āĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāϰāϤā§, and indeed = āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŋāĻ, it does not seem = āĻŽāύ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž to have lessened his reputation. = āĻāϤ⧠āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āϏā§āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŽā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
His wish for retirement = āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāύ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻž we can easily believe = āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻšāĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ to be undissembled; = āϝ⧠āϤāĻž āĻāĻŋāϞ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāύā§āϤāϰāĻŋāĻ; a man harassed in one kingdom = āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ, āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻļā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āϝāĻžāϤāĻŋāϤ, and persecuted in another, = āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āύā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻļā§ āύāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ, who, after a course of business = āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ that employed all his days = āϝāĻž āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϤ āĻĻāĻŋāύ and half his nights = āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āϰā§āϧā§āĻ āϰāĻžāϤ in cyphering and decyphering, = āϏāĻžāĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϤāĻž āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāϝāĻŧ āĻāϰā§āĻā§, comes to his own country = āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϝāĻāύ āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻĢāĻŋāϰ⧠āĻāϏā§āύ, and steps into a prison, = āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāϰā§āύ, will be willing enough = āϤāĻāύ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ āĻāĻā§āϰāĻšā§ āĻšāĻŦā§āύ to retire to some place = āĻā§āύ⧠āύāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŋ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧠āĻāϞ⧠āϝā§āϤā§, of quiet, = āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻļāĻžāύā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻā§, and of safety. = āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻž āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
Yet let neither our reverence for a genius, = āϤāĻŦā§ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰāĻĻā§āϧāĻž nor our pity for a sufferer, = āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻā§āĻāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻšāĻžāύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ dispose us to forget = āϝā§āύ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āύāĻž āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧ that, if his activity was virtue, = āϝā§, āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻāϰā§āĻŽāϤā§āĻĒāϰāϤāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻŖ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, his retreat was cowardice. = āϤāĻŦā§ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻĒāϞāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻžāĻĒā§āϰā§āώāϤāĻžāĨ¤
He then took upon himself the character of Physician, = āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āύ, still, according to Sprat, = āϏā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤā§, āϤāĻāύāĻ with intention = āĻāĻ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ⧠‘to dissemble the main design of his coming over,’ = “āĻāĻāϞā§āϝāĻžāύā§āĻĄā§ āĻāϏāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ āĻā§āĻĒāύ āϰāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ”, and, as Mr. Wood relates, = āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŽāĻŋ. āĻāĻĄā§āϰ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻžāĻŽāϤā§, complying with the men then in power = āϤāĻāύāĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāϏā§āύāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āϏāĻŽāĻā§āϤāĻž āĻāϰ⧠(which was much taken notice of by the royal party), = (āϝāĻž āϰāĻžāĻāĻĒāύā§āĻĨā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āώā§āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻā§āĻŦāĻ āϞāĻā§āώāĻŖā§āϝāĻŧ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ), he obtained an order = āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĻā§āĻļ āϞāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āύ to be created Doctor of Physick, = āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĄāĻā§āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāĻžāϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ, which being done to his mind, = āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻž āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŽāϤ⧠āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāύā§āύ āĻšāϞā§, (whereby he gained the ill-will of some of his friends), = (āĻĢāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϰā§āĻĒ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ ā§āύ), he went into France again, = āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĢā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϏ⧠āĻĢāĻŋāϰ⧠āϝāĻžāύ, having made a copy of verses = āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻ āϞāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻŽā§āϤā§āϝā§āĻā§ āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠on Oliver’s death. = āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻž āϰāĻāύāĻž āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
This is no favourable representation, = āĻāĻāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻĒāĻā§āώ⧠āĻ āύā§āĻā§āϞ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻž āύāϝāĻŧ, yet even in this = āϤāĻŦā§āĻ āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝā§āĻ not much wrong can be discovered. = āĻā§āĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻĻā§āώ āĻā§āĻāĻā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤
How far he complied with the men in power, = āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāϏā§āύāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤāĻāĻžāύāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻā§āϤāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ, is to be inquired = āϤāĻž āĻāĻā§ āϤāĻĻāύā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ, before he can be blamed. = āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰāĻ āϤāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĒ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
It is not said = āĻā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋ that he told them any secrets, = āϝ⧠āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻā§āĻĒāύ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ, or assisted them by intelligence, = āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻā§āĻĒā§āϤāϏāĻāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ, or any other act. = āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻž āĻ āύā§āϝ āĻā§āύā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϏāĻšāϝā§āĻāĻŋāϤāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤
If he only promised to be quiet, = āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻļā§āϧ⧠āĻļāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āύ, that they in whose hands he was = āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻšāĻžāϤ⧠āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŦāύā§āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ, might free him from confinement, = āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻāĻžāϰāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧ, he did what no law of society prohibits. = āϤāĻŦā§ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāϰā§āύāύāĻŋ āϝāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻā§āύ⧠āύā§āϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāώāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
The man whose miscarriage in a just cause = āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāϏāĻā§āĻāϤ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ has put him in the power of his enemy = āĻļāϤā§āϰā§āϰ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ āϧā§āύ⧠āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§āĻā§, may, without any violation of his integrity, = āϏ⧠āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āϏāϤāϤāĻž āύāώā§āĻ āύāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻ regain his liberty, = āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύāϤāĻž āĻĢāĻŋāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§, or preserve his life, = āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāύ āϰāĻā§āώāĻž āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§, by a promise of neutrality: = āύāĻŋāϰāĻĒā§āĻā§āώ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĨ¤ for the stipulation gives the enemy nothing = āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻļāϤā§āϰ⧠āύāϤā§āύ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž, which he had not before; = āϝāĻž āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻĨā§āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāϞ āύāĻž; the neutrality of a captive = āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻŦāύā§āĻĻāĻŋāϰ āύāĻŋāϰāĻĒā§āĻā§āώāϤāĻž may be always secured = āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ by his imprisonment or death. = āϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāύā§āĻĻāĻŋ āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻšāϤā§āϝāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§āĻāĨ¤
He that is at the disposal of another = āϝ⧠āĻ āύā§āϝā§āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖā§ āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§, may not promise = āϏ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻž to aid him in any injurious act, = āĻā§āύ⧠āĻ āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ, because no power can compel active obedience. = āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āϏāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻ āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āϝ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤ He may engage to do nothing, = āϏ⧠āύāĻŋāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻ āĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§, but not to do ill. = āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻ āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤