Honours English with Nusrat

Burke’s Speech on East India Bill -part-12

BY EDMUND BURKE

main text:

There was no great reason to apprehend that soldiers ill paid, that soldiers who thought they had been defrauded of their plunder on former services of the same kind, would not have been sufficiently attentive to the spoil they were expressly come for; but the gallantry and generosity of the profession was justly suspected, as being likely to set bounds to military rapaciousness. The Company’s first civil magistrate discovered the greatest uneasiness lest the women should have anything preserved to them. Terms, tending to put some restraint on military violence were granted. He writes a letter to Mr. Popham, referring to some letter written before to the same effect, which I do not remember to have seen; but it shews his anxiety on this subject. Hear himself:–“I think every demand she has made on you, except that of safety and respect to her person, is unreasonable. If the reports brought to me are true, your rejecting her offers, or any negotiation, would soon obtain you the fort upon your own terms. I apprehend she will attempt to_defraud the captors of a considerable part of their booty, by being suffered to retire without examination. But this is your concern, not mine. I should be very sorry that your officers and soldiers lost_any_ part of the reward to which they Burke’s Speech on East India Bill

are so well entitled; but you must be the best judge of the promised indulgence to the Ranny: what you have engaged for I will certainly ratify; but as to suffering the Ranny to hold the purgunna of Hurlich, or any other Zemindary, without being subject to the authority of the Zemindar, or any lands whatsoever or indeed making_any_ condition with her for a _provision_ I will_never consent_.”

Here your Governor stimulates a rapacious and licentious soldiery to the personal search of women, lest these unhappy creatures should avail themselves of the protection of their sex to secure any supply for their necessities; and he positively orders that no stipulation should be made for any provision for them. The widow and mother of a prince, well informed of her miserable situation, and the cause of it, a woman of this rank became a suppliant to the domestic servant of Mr. Hastings (they are his own words that I read); ‘imploring his intercession’ that she may be relieved from the hardships and dangers of her present situation; and offering to surrender the fort, and the_treasure and valuable effects_contained in it, provided she can be assured_of safety and protection to her person and honour and to that of her family and attendants.” He is so good as to consent to this, provided she surrenders everything of value, with the reserve_only_ of such articles as _you_shall think necessary to her condition, or as you yourself_shall be disposed to indulge her with. –But should she _my refuse to execute the promise she has made, or delay it beyond the term of twenty-four hours, it is positive injunction, that you immediately put a stop to any further intercourse or negotiation with her, and on no pretext renew it. If she disappoints or_trifles with me, after I have subjected_my Duan_105 to the disgrace of returning ineffectually, and of course myself to discredit, I shall consider it as a _wanton_ affront and indignity_which I can never forgive; nor will I grant her_any_conditions whatever, but leave her exposed to those_dangers which she has chosen to riskque, rather than trust to the clemency and generosity of our government. I think she cannot be ignorant of these consequences, and will not venture to incur them; and it is for this reason I place a dependence on her offers, and have consented to send my Duan to her.” The dreadful secret hinted at by the merciful governor in the latter part of the letter, is well understood in India; where those who suffer corporeal indignities, generally expiate the offences of others with their own blood. However, in spite of all these, the temper of the military did, some way or other, operate. They came to terms which have never been transmitted. It appears that a fifteenth per cent of the plunder was reserved to the captives, of which the unhappy mother of the prince of Benares was to have a share. This ancient matron, born to better things La laugh from certain young gentlemen]_–I seeno cause for this mirth. A good author of antiquity reckons among the calamities of his time

“nobilissimarum faeminarum exilia et fugas. “106 I say, Sir, this ancient lady was compelled to quit her house with three hundred helpless women and a multitude of children in her train; but the lower sort in the camp it seems could not be restrained. They did not forget the good lessons of the governor general. They were unwilling “to be defrauded of a considerable part of their booty, by suffering them to pass without examination.”–They examined them, Sir, with a vengeance, and the sacred protection of that awful character, Mr. Hastings’s _maitre d’hotel, could not secure them from insult and plunder. Here is Popham’s narrative of the affair:– “The Ranny came out of the fort, with her family and dependants, the 10th at night, owing to which such attention was not paid to her as I wished; and I am exceedingly sorry to inform you, that the licentiousness of our followers was beyond the bounds of control; for, notwithstanding all 1 could do, her people were plundered on the road of most of the things which they brought out of the fort, by which means one of the articles of surrender has been much infringed. The distress I have felt upon this occasion cannot be expressed, and can only be allayed by a firm performance of the other articles of the treaty, which I shall make it my business to enforce.

Traslation in Bangla

There was no great reason to apprehend (এমন আশঙ্কার বিশেষ কোনো কারণ ছিল না) that soldiers ill paid, (যে অল্প বেতনভোগী সৈন্যরা,) that soldiers who thought (যে সৈন্যরা মনে করত) they had been defrauded (তাদের প্রতারণা করা হয়েছে) of their plunder (তাদের লুটের অংশ থেকে) on former services (আগের অনুরূপ অভিযানে,) of the same kind, (একই ধরনের কাজে,) would not have been sufficiently attentive (তারা যথেষ্ট মনোযোগী হবে না) to the spoil (লুটের সম্পদের প্রতি) they were expressly come for; (যা লুট করার উদ্দেশ্যেই তারা এসেছিল;)But the gallantry and generosity of the profession (কিন্তু সৈনিক পেশার সাহসিকতা ও মহানুভবতা) was justly suspected, (যথার্থভাবেই সন্দেহ করা হচ্ছিল,) as being likely (যে তা হয়তো) to set bounds (সীমা আরোপ করবে) to military rapaciousness. (সামরিক লোভ ও লুণ্ঠনের ওপর।)The Company’s first civil magistrate (কোম্পানির সর্বোচ্চ অসামরিক কর্মকর্তা) discovered the greatest uneasiness (চরম উদ্বেগ প্রকাশ করলেন) lest the women (এই ভেবে যে, নারীরা) should have anything preserved to them. (হয়তো নিজেদের জন্য কিছু সম্পদ রক্ষা করতে পারে।)Terms, (কিছু শর্ত,) tending to put some restraint (যেগুলো কিছুটা নিয়ন্ত্রণ আরোপ করত) on military violence, (সামরিক সহিংসতার ওপর,) were granted. (গৃহীত হয়েছিল।)He writes a letter (তিনি একটি চিঠি লেখেন) to Mr. Popham, (মি. পপহামকে,) referring to some letter (আগের একটি চিঠির উল্লেখ করে) written before (যা এর আগে লেখা হয়েছিল) to the same effect, (একই বিষয়ে,) which I do not remember to have seen; (যেটি আমার মনে পড়ে না যে আমি দেখেছি;) but it shews his anxiety (তবে এটি তাঁর উদ্বেগ স্পষ্ট করে,) on this subject. (এই বিষয়ে।)Hear himself: (তাঁর নিজের ভাষাতেই শুনুন—)

“I think (“আমি মনে করি,) every demand she has made on you, (তিনি আপনার কাছে যে সব দাবি করেছেন,) except that of safety and respect to her person, (তাঁর ব্যক্তিগত নিরাপত্তা ও সম্মানের দাবি ছাড়া,) is unreasonable. (সবই অযৌক্তিক।)If the reports brought to me are true, (যদি আমার কাছে পৌঁছানো সংবাদ সত্য হয়,) your rejecting her offers, (তাহলে তাঁর প্রস্তাব প্রত্যাখ্যান করা,) or any negotiation, (অথবা যেকোনো আলোচনা বন্ধ করা,) would soon obtain you the fort (শীঘ্রই দুর্গটি আপনার দখলে এনে দেবে) upon your own terms. (আপনার নিজের শর্তে।)I apprehend (আমার আশঙ্কা হচ্ছে,) she will attempt (তিনি চেষ্টা করবেন) to defraud the captors (দুর্গদখলকারীদের বঞ্চিত করতে) of a considerable part (একটি বড় অংশ থেকে) of their booty, (তাদের লুটের সম্পদের,) by being suffered (যদি তাঁকে অনুমতি দেওয়া হয়) to retire (চলে যেতে) without examination. (তল্লাশি ছাড়াই।)But this is your concern, (কিন্তু এটি আপনার বিষয়,) not mine. (আমার নয়।)I should be very sorry (আমি খুবই দুঃখিত হব) that your officers and soldiers (যদি আপনার অফিসার ও সৈন্যরা) lost any part (হারায় কোনো অংশ) of the reward (সেই পুরস্কারের) to which they are so well entitled; (যার তারা এতটাই যোগ্য বলে বিবেচিত;)But you must be (তবে আপনাকেই হতে হবে) the best judge (সর্বোত্তম বিচারক) of the promised indulgence (রানীকে দেওয়া প্রতিশ্রুত ছাড়ের বিষয়ে।)What you have engaged for (আপনি যা প্রতিশ্রুতি দিয়েছেন,) I will certainly ratify; (আমি অবশ্যই তা অনুমোদন করব;)But as to suffering the Ranny (কিন্তু রানীকে অনুমতি দেওয়ার ব্যাপারে) to hold the purgunna of Hurlich, (হারলিচ পরগনা রাখার,) or any other Zemindary, (অথবা অন্য কোনো জমিদারি,) without being subject (জমিদারের কর্তৃত্বের অধীন না থেকে,) to the authority of the Zemindar, (স্বাধীনভাবে ভোগ করার,) or any lands whatsoever, (অথবা যেকোনো জমি রাখার,)Or indeed making any condition with her (অথবা তাঁর সঙ্গে কোনো শর্তে সম্মত হওয়ার,) for a provision, (তাঁর ভরণপোষণের ব্যবস্থা করার,) I will never consent.” (আমি কখনোই সম্মতি দেব না।)Here your Governor (দেখুন, আপনাদের গভর্নর এখানে) stimulates (উসকে দিচ্ছেন) a rapacious and licentious soldiery (লোভী ও উচ্ছৃঙ্খল সৈন্যদলকে) to the personal search of women, (নারীদের ব্যক্তিগত তল্লাশি করতে,) lest these unhappy creatures (পাছে এই দুর্ভাগা নারীরা) should avail themselves (সুযোগ নিয়ে ফেলেন) of the protection of their sex (তাঁদের নারী হওয়ার সামাজিক সুরক্ষার,) to secure any supply (এবং নিজেদের জন্য কিছু সম্পদ রক্ষা করেন) for their necessities; (জীবনধারণের প্রয়োজনে;)And he positively orders (এবং তিনি স্পষ্ট নির্দেশ দেন) that no stipulation should be made (যাতে কোনো চুক্তিই না করা হয়) for any provision for them. (তাঁদের ভরণপোষণের ব্যবস্থা সম্পর্কে।)

The widow and mother of a prince, (একজন রাজপুত্রের বিধবা ও মাতা,) well informed (নিজের করুণ অবস্থার বিষয়ে সম্পূর্ণ সচেতন,) of her miserable situation, (নিজের দুঃখজনক পরিস্থিতি সম্পর্কে,) and the cause of it, (এবং তার কারণ সম্পর্কেও,)Became a suppliant (বিনীত প্রার্থনাকারী হয়ে উঠলেন) to the domestic servant of Mr. Hastings (মি. হেস্টিংসের গৃহপরিচারকের কাছে) (they are his own words). ((এগুলো হেস্টিংসের নিজের ভাষা)।)“Imploring his intercession” (“তাঁর সুপারিশ ভিক্ষা করে”) that she may be relieved (যাতে তিনি মুক্তি পান) from the hardships and dangers (বর্তমান দুঃখ-কষ্ট ও বিপদ থেকে,) of her present situation; (যার মধ্যে তিনি রয়েছেন;)And offering (এবং প্রস্তাব দেন) to surrender the fort, (দুর্গটি সমর্পণ করতে,) and the treasure (এবং ধনরত্ন,) and valuable effects (ও মূল্যবান সম্পদ) contained in it, (যা সেখানে ছিল,)Provided she can be assured (এই শর্তে যে তাঁকে নিশ্চিত করা হবে) of safety and protection (নিরাপত্তা ও সুরক্ষা,) to her person and honour, (তাঁর জীবন ও সম্মানের জন্য,) and to that of her family and attendants. (এবং তাঁর পরিবার ও অনুচরদের জন্য।)He is so good (তিনি এতটাই দয়ালু হলেন যে,) as to consent to this, (এতে সম্মতি দিলেন,) provided she surrenders everything of value, (যদি তিনি সব মূল্যবান জিনিস সমর্পণ করেন,) with the reserve only (শুধুমাত্র রেখে দিতে পারবেন) of such articles (এমন কিছু সামগ্রী) as you shall think necessary (যা আপনি প্রয়োজনীয় মনে করবেন) to her condition, (তাঁর অবস্থার জন্য,) or as you yourself (অথবা যা আপনি নিজে) shall be disposed to indulge her with. (দয়া করে তাঁকে দিতে চাইবেন।)but should she refuse (কিন্তু যদি তিনি অস্বীকার করেন) to execute the promise, (প্রতিশ্রুতি পালন করতে,) or delay it (অথবা বিলম্ব করেন) beyond twenty-four hours, (চব্বিশ ঘণ্টার বেশি,)It is my positive injunction (তাহলে আমার কঠোর নির্দেশ হলো) that you immediately put a stop (আপনি অবিলম্বে বন্ধ করবেন) to any further intercourse (সব ধরনের যোগাযোগ) or negotiation with her, (এবং আলোচনা,) and on no pretext renew it. (এবং কোনো অজুহাতেই তা পুনরায় শুরু করবেন না।)

If she disappoints or trifles with me, (যদি তিনি আমাকে হতাশ করেন বা তুচ্ছজ্ঞান করেন,) I shall consider it (আমি এটিকে মনে করব) as a wanton affront and indignity (একটি ইচ্ছাকৃত অপমান ও অবমাননা হিসেবে,) which I can never forgive. (যা আমি কখনো ক্ষমা করব না।)Nor will I grant her any conditions whatever, (এবং আমি তাঁকে কোনো শর্তেই কোনো সুবিধা দেব না,) but leave her exposed (বরং তাঁকে ছেড়ে দেব) to those dangers (সেসব বিপদের মুখে) which she has chosen to risk. (যা তিনি নিজেরাই বেছে নিয়েছেন।)However, (তবে,) the temper of the military (সৈন্যদের মানবিক মনোভাব) did, some way or other, operate. (কোনো না কোনোভাবে কাজ করেছিল।)They came to terms (তারা একটি সমঝোতায় পৌঁছায়) which have never been transmitted. (যার বিবরণ কখনো পাঠানো হয়নি।)It appears (দেখা যায়,) that fifteen per cent of the plunder (লুণ্ঠিত সম্পদের পনেরো শতাংশ) was reserved (সংরক্ষিত রাখা হয়েছিল) to the captives, (বন্দিদের জন্য,) of which (যার মধ্যে) the unhappy mother of the prince of Benares (বেনারসের রাজপুত্রের দুর্ভাগা মাতাও) was to have a share. (একটি অংশ পাওয়ার কথা ছিল।)This ancient matron (এই বৃদ্ধা সম্ভ্রান্ত নারী) was compelled (বাধ্য হয়েছিলেন) to quit her house (নিজের গৃহ ত্যাগ করতে) with three hundred helpless women (তিনশত অসহায় নারীকে সঙ্গে নিয়ে) and a multitude of children. (এবং অসংখ্য শিশুসহ।)They examined them, Sir, with a vengeance; (তারা তাঁদের এমনভাবে তল্লাশি করেছিল, মহাশয়, যেন প্রতিশোধ নিচ্ছে।)And the sacred protection (এমনকি সেই পবিত্র সুরক্ষাও) could not secure them (তাঁদের রক্ষা করতে পারেনি) from insult and plunder. (অপমান ও লুটপাট থেকে।)“The Ranny came out of the fort (“রানী দুর্গ থেকে বেরিয়ে এসেছিলেন) with her family and dependants, (তাঁর পরিবার ও অনুচরদের নিয়ে,) the 10th at night, (রাত দশটার সময়,) owing to which (যার ফলে) such attention was not paid to her (তাঁর প্রতি সেই রকম যত্ন নেওয়া যায়নি) as I wished. (যেমনটি আমি চেয়েছিলাম।)

I am exceedingly sorry to inform you (আপনাকে জানাতে আমি অত্যন্ত দুঃখিত,) that the licentiousness of our followers (যে আমাদের অনুসারীদের উচ্ছৃঙ্খলতা) was beyond the bounds of control; (নিয়ন্ত্রণের সীমা ছাড়িয়ে গিয়েছিল;)For, notwithstanding all I could do, (কারণ, আমি সর্বোচ্চ চেষ্টা করেও,) her people were plundered (তাঁর লোকজন লুণ্ঠিত হয়েছিল) on the road (পথেই,) of most of the things (তাদের অধিকাংশ জিনিসপত্র থেকে,) which they brought out of the fort; (যা তারা দুর্গ থেকে সঙ্গে এনেছিল;)By which means (ফলে) one of the articles of surrender (আত্মসমর্পণের একটি শর্ত) has been much infringed. (মারাত্মকভাবে লঙ্ঘিত হয়েছে।)The distress I have felt (এই ঘটনায় আমি যে গভীর কষ্ট পেয়েছি,) upon this occasion (তা) cannot be expressed; (ভাষায় প্রকাশ করা যায় না;)And can only be allayed (এবং তা লাঘব হতে পারে কেবল) by a firm performance (দৃঢ়ভাবে পালন করার মাধ্যমে) of the other articles of the treaty, (চুক্তির বাকি শর্তগুলো,) which I shall make it my business to enforce.” (যেগুলো কার্যকর করা আমি আমার কর্তব্য বলে মনে করব।)

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of The suspicions which the officers had treachery, and the delay made to our getting possession, had enraged them, as well as the troops, so much, that the treaty was at first regarded as void but this determination was soon succeeded by pity and compassion for the unfortunate besieged.”–After this comes, in his due order, Mr. Hastings; who is full of sorrow and indignation,according to the best and most authentic precedents established upon such occasions.The women being thus disposed of, that is, completely despoiled, and pathetically lamented, Mr. Hastings at length recollected the great object of his enterprise, which, during his zeal lest the officers and soldiers should lose any part of their reward, he seems to have forgot;-that is to say, “to draw from the Rajah’s guilt the means of relief to the Company’s distresses.” This was to be the stronghold of his defence. This compassion to the Company, he knew by experience would sanctify a great deal of rigor towards the natives. But the military had distresses of their own, which they considered first. Neither Mr. Hastings’s authority, nor his supplications, could prevail on them to assign a shilling to the claim he made on the part of the Company. They divided the booty amongst themselves. Driven from his claim he was reduced to petition for the spoil as a loan. But the soldiers were too wise to venture as a loan, what the borrower claimed as a right. In defiance of all authority, they shared among themselves about two hundred thousand pounds sterling, besides what had been taken from the women.In all this there is nothing wonderful. We may rest assured, that when the maxims of any government establish among its resources extraordinary means, and those exerted with a strong hand, that strong hand will provide those extraordinary means for _itself. Whether the soldiers had reason or not (perhaps much might be said for them) certain it is, the military discipline of India was ruined from that moment; and the same rage for plunder, the same contempt of subordination, which blasted all the hopes of extraordinary means from your strong hand at Benares, have very lately lost you an army in Mysore. This is visible enough from the accounts in the last Gazette.

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